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BACTERIA
Natural Variation and Speciation in Bacteria
Natural Variation and Speciation in Bacteria
Introduction
Bacteria are microorganisms with an extraordinary ability to adapt to different environmental conditions. To understand the essence of this capability is important to know its genetic basis, i.e. as genetic information is organized as performed, and regulates their expression and ...
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Cloning Entire Organisms
Cloning Entire Organisms
Introduction
Cloning is the creation of an organism that is an exact copy of another organism. This means that their DNA is identical. Generally speaking, there are three different types of cloning I will briefly touch on. Cloning experiments are being performed for a variety of ...
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Microbiology
Microbiology
Complement fixation test
The complement fixation assay can be used to look for the presence of i) specific antibody or ii) specific antigen in a patient's serum. The test utilizes sheep red blood cells (SRBC), anti-SRBC antibody and complement, along with specific antigen (if looking for antibody in serum) or specific ...
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MICROENCAPSULATION
Microencapsulation
Abstract
Microencapsulation is a procedure in which minute particles or a layering to give tiny capsules with a number of useful properties encloses droplets. The saying “Small is better” would be absolutely logical for a number of individuals studying the subject of microencapsulation. In its most uncomplicated structure, a microcapsule is ...
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MICROBIAL PRODUCTION
Bio-processing Requirements to Manufacture 1, 3-propanediol
Bio-processing Requirements to Manufacture 1, 3-propanediol
Introduction
The molecule chosen to be produced is 1, 3-propanediol using microbial fermentation. 1,3-Propanediol is one of the oldest known fermentation products. It was reliably identified as early as in 1881 by August Freund, inaglycerol fermentation mixed culture containing Clostridium ...
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MICROBIOLOGY
Microbiology
Microbiology
The inflammation and pain is due to an immunological defense against injury, infection marked by increases in regional blood flow, immigration of white blood cells, and release of chemical toxins. Inflammation is one mechanism the body uses to protect itself from invasion by foreign organisms and to repair tissue trauma. ...
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MICROBIOLOGY
Microbiology
Microbiology
Answer 1)
Member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of glycoproteins secreted by mature vertebrate B cells, binding selectively to epitopes of antigens and clumping them (agglutination) prior to phagocytic engulfment. Antibodies travel via the lymph to the blood, and viruses coated in antibody cannot enter host cells. In humans, antibodies in breast ...
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MICROBIOLOGY
Microbiology
Microbiology
Inflammation
Inflammation is our body's response to infection, foreign substances, or injury. The white blood cells in the blood stream release chemicals and set up responses to deal with disruptions to the body. Fat tissue is an organ just as the heart or the skin are organs and, as such, has ...
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MICROBIOLOGY
Microbiology
Microbiology
Bacterial exotoxins are proteins of disease-causing bacteria that are usually secreted and have deleterious effects. Several hundred are known. In some extreme cases a single toxin accounts for the principal symptoms of a disease, such as diphtheria, tetanus, and cholera. Bacteria that cause local infections with pus often produce many ...
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Restriction and Gender Roles
Restriction and Gender Roles
Gender Differences and Socialization
In psychology of gender - is socially biological characteristics by which people give the definition of the terms "man" and "woman." Social psychologists believe that the two main reasons why people are trying to meet the expectations of gender - is ...