Epidemiology Case Study and Critical Appraisal

Epidemiology Case Study and Critical Appraisal

Part I: Case Study

Question 1

In order to calculate an appropriate measure of the frequency representing the drowning and near drowning in children aged between 0-13 descriptive statistics was applied on the data. The analysis of the data through descriptive statistics revealed that the overall rate of drowning and near drowning in children representing the age group of 0 years was 0.033590863, the drowning and near drowning rate of children representing the age group of 1 year was 0.441576087, the drowning and near drowning rate of children representing the age group of 2 years was 0.450153711, the drowning and near drowning rate of children representing the age group of 3 years was 0.0947867, the drowning and near drowning rate of children representing the age group of 4 years was 0.043874081, the drowning and near drowning rate of children representing the age group of 5-13 years was 0.004779258 and the total drowning and near drowning rate of children representing different age groups was 1.068760731.

Age (years)

Total population

Number of drowning and Near Drowning

Overall Rate of Drowning and Near Drowning (%)

0

8931

3

0.033590863

1

8832

39

0.441576087

2

9108

41

0.450153711

3

9495

9

0.09478673

4

9117

4

0.043874081

5-13 Years

83695

4

0.004779258

Total

129,178

100

1.068760731

Question 2

In order to calculate the frequency of drowning and the measure to which it varied from one group to another descriptive statistics was applied on the data again. The core objective of applying descriptive statistics in this scenario was to calculate the degree of variance among different age groups. According to the descriptive analysis of the data, it can be revealed that there is strong variation in number of drowning and near drowning representing different age groups. The mean calculated through descriptive statistics is 16.6667 which representing the average drowning and near drowning rate of children in any age group. In addition, the repeated number of drowning and near drowning was recorded 4 as it is represented by the mode. The variance observed through descriptive analysis of the data is 331.467 which represent the variation in drowning and near drowning among children of different age groups. The variation rate is very high; hence, the strength of the relationship is substantial.

Statistics

Drowning and Near Drowning

N

Valid

6

Missing

0

Mean

16.6667

Median

6.5000

Mode

4.00

Std. Deviation

1.82062E1

Variance

331.467

Drowning and Near Drowning

Frequency

Percent

Valid Percent

Cumulative Percent

Valid

3

1

16.7

16.7

16.7

4

2

33.3

33.3

50.0

9

1

16.7

16.7

66.7

39

1

16.7

16.7

83.3

41

1

16.7

16.7

100.0

Total

6

100.0

100.0

Question 3

Frequency of Drowning in All Pools

According to the analysis of the data, it can be interpreted that the appropriate measure of frequency representing drowning rate in unfenced in-ground pools was 1.941176471, rate of fenced in ground pools was 0.47311828, rate of in-ground pools was 0.64516129, rate of fenced above ground pools was 0.15.

The appropriate measure of frequency representing the number of drowning and near drowning rate in unfenced spas was 2.666666667, the appropriate measure of frequency representing the number of drowning and near drowning rate in fenced spas was 0, the appropriate measure of frequency representing the number of drowning and near drowning rate in all unfenced pools was 1.382352941, the appropriate measure of frequency representing the number of drowning and near drowning rate in all fenced pools was 0.367647059 and the appropriate measure of frequency representing the number of drowning and near ...