TIME MANAGEMENT

Time Management

Outline

Time Management

Introduction

Definition

History of Time Management

Origins of Modern Time Management

Research On Time Management

Procrastination

Popularization And Development

Cocnlusion

Time Management

Introduction

The term time management became familiar in the 1950s and 1960s as referring to a tool to help managers make better use of available time. The tool was based on practical experience, in the form of dos and don'ts. The term appears to indicate that time is managed, but actually activities are managed over time. Time management is self-management with an explicit focus on time in deciding what to do; on how muchtime to allocate to activities; on how activities can be done more efficiently; and on when the time is right for particular activities. Much of the advice on time management concerns the standardization and routinization of activities to increase efficiency. The time gained with this increased efficiency can be used for other activities, deliberately chosen as worthwhile, rather than activities that serve only as means to achieve less worthwhile goals, so-called time wasters. In other words, time is gained for activities that deserve it, and full concentration can be devoted to these activities for a longer period of time.

Definition

An analysis of the concept of time management requires a closer examination of the separate concepts of management and of time. The word manage stems from the Italian word maneggiare (meaning to handle), which in turn originates from the Latin word tnanus, which again signifies “hand.” Time management is most often used to describe the professional leading or supervising of a defined unit such as an organization or a business operation.

History of Time Management

In premodern times, the understanding of time was strongly influenced by natural cycles and by religious beliefs and practices. Social interactions were organized based on the cycles that can be observed in nature, such as the phases of the moon.

Mainly as a consequence of the development of new instruments for the measurement of time, and in the course of the Industrial Revolution with its growing need for the coordination of economic activities, another understanding of time developed. With the evolution of large and automated factories, the usage rate of expensive machines became a crucial factor for business success, and the willingness to work on these machines at a specific time was an important factor for employment. In addition, the development of artificial light resulted in the extension of working time.

Even though there have also been attempts to set aside certain times as work-free—for example, in many countries Sunday as just a day of rest—more and more businesses also work then; for example, railroad companies, theaters, and restaurants.

As a tool and a symbol of this new understanding of time, clocks became common in every home in the second half of the 19th century. The standardization of time and the abandoning of “local times” orientated to the specific conditions of a particular place were other steps toward the easier use of time within the production process.

Origins of Modern Time Management

As a pioneer of modern time management, in the sense of planning and controlling one's own activities with the help of professional methods, Peter Drucker is among the most influential contemporary management ...