PERSONALIZED MEDICINE

Personalized Medicine



Personalized Medicine

Introduction

Personalized medicine is a concept which gradually became one of the greatest challenges of tomorrow's medicine. Indeed, if we knew that a drug prescribed for a given disease in a patient may not be able to heal and was otherwise sometimes have dangerous side effects or very important, it was difficult for a particular patient, predict the effectiveness of this drug and thus save valuable time for treatment (Schacter, 2006). A better understanding of diseases and each patient through diagnostic tests more accurate guide therapy allows a patient to a particular treatment and prevents others for signs Clinical identical. Each patient is unique and must be treated with the best chance of effectiveness.

The idea of personalized medicine can be summarized as follows: we will soon have access to the entire genetic information of a person, to deduce its entire predisposition to various diseases (and even certain behaviors) and its reaction to different types of treatments and medications. We can then adopt prevention behaviors targeted and effective, and treat the condition, when displayed with the drug with the best balance between efficacy and side effects. Beyond the genetic information itself, the measurement of other parameters (level of gene expression, the presence of different proteins, state of certain receptors) provides "biomarkers" to adapt more finely treatment to the patient's condition.

Technologies of personalized medicine

There are various technologies that are related to personalized medicine. However, the three most common are pharmacogenomics, Pharmacoproteomics & metabolomics.

Pharmacogeonomics

Pharmacogenomics is the science that studies the result of a variation in the genome of an organism and its response to a drug specific. Its purpose is to study the genes that influence the activity, toxicity and metabolism of a drug, thus provide the information needed to prescribe a dose treatment more effective, and less toxic to each patient. Pharmacogenomics seeks to define whether the expression of gene related to the effectiveness of a drug case in the enzymes responsible their metabolism, proteins related to the availability of the substance.

Pharmacogenomics researches the determination of individual differences in drug response to genetic factors. Its main objective is to study genes and their activity, toxicity, metabolism and drug reactions, plus the way of justice and the specific provisions of the stock STI treatment doses and less toxicity for each patient. Pharmacogenomics major goal is to determine whether this gene affects the sexually transmitted diseases, drug metabolism, in action website (medicine) the availability of, and through means and goals of drug binding to receptors to effect the required STD Pharmacological action (pharmacodynamics) (Lynch, 2004).

Pharmacoproteomics

Pharmacoproteomics can be defined as applied proteomic analysis to discover new therapeutic targets and to study the effects of drugs. Proteomic analysis provides insight into changes in protein expression, in a biological system, in response to a stimulus or function of a physiological or pathophysiological given (Lydecker, 2002).

Metabolomics

Metabolomics is the set of sciences and techniques dedicated to the comprehensive study of the system constituted by the set of molecules that constitute the metabolic intermediates, metabolites, hormones and ...