PERSONALIZED MEDICINE

Personalized Medicine

Personalized Medicine

Personalized medicine is a concept which gradually became one of the greatest challenges of tomorrow's medicine. Indeed, if we knew that a drug prescribed for a given disease in a patient may not be able to heal and / or was otherwise sometimes have dangerous side effects or very important, it was difficult for a particular patient, predict the effectiveness of this drug and thus save valuable time for treatment. A better understanding of diseases and each patient through diagnostic tests more accurate guide therapy allows a patient to a particular treatment, and prevents others, for signs Clinical identical. Each patient is unique and must be treated with the best chance of effectiveness.

The idea (or fantasy) of personalized medicine can be summarized as follows: we will soon have access to the entire genetic information of a person, to deduce its entire predisposition to various diseases (and even certain behaviour) and its reaction to different types of treatments and medications. We can then adopt prevention behaviours targeted and effective, and treat the condition, when displayed with the drug with the best balance between efficacy and side effects. Beyond the genetic information itself, the measurement of other parameters (level of gene expression, the presence of different proteins, state of certain receptors) provide "biomarkers" to adapt more finely treatment to the patient's condition.

Development of drugs

The development of more effective drugs and targeted each disease can not be achieved without the discovery of biomarkers associated with this pathology. Thus, a drug whose efficiency can be low or average for all patients without measuring biomarkers associated with them can be extremely effective if prescribed to a patient population selected by a diagnostic test using these biomarkers. Drugs are developed, is increasingly associated diagnostic test "companion" to predict the effectiveness of the medication this should lead to better management of the disease while helping to control health costs. Biomarkers discovered and validated integral part of diagnostic tests "companions" to be marketed in parallel specific therapies associated. The fields of therapy and diagnosis are therefore becoming increasingly inseparable, hence the term "theranostics" recently appeared. (Meadows, 2005, p.71)

Proteomic Profiling

Proteomics is the analysis of the proteome, itself defined as the set of proteins present in a given biological sample in a given physiological or pathological situation. Several techniques are used proteomic analysis, the most classical two-dimensional electrophoresis. The SELDI-TOF is a new approach better suited to the rapid determination of complex protein profiles by coupling protein arrays and detection by TOF-M5. Analysis of protein profiles and identification of proteins of interest require the intervention of bioinformatics. Through the experience of the ATS, it is noted that proteomics is beginning to be used in identifying biomarkers of various lung diseases.

In the mid-90's in the post-genome biology, a new direction - proteomics. Proteomics - the science that studies the qualitative and quantitative composition of protein synthesized by the cell, the laws of their post-translational modification (phosphorylation, glikozilirova-of, acylation, frenilirovanie, sulfonation, etc.), which determines the partner protein-protein ...