A new system can be designed to meet the intelligence requirements of the 20th Century Cold War that can be flexible enough to counter 21st century threats to homeland security, especially from “non-state actors” like terrorist groups employing unconventional means such as WMD or cyber warfare. For example, in March 2002, the U.S. government adopted the Homeland Security Advisory System, based on a color-coded scale, to convey information about the level of terrorist threat to the nation. The system was criticized, however, for being vague in implementation and purpose.
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While Homeland Security is closely linked to the issues of defense and ...