ESSAY

The evolution and civilization in the cities

[Name of student]

The evolution and civilization in the cities

The concerns of civilization

The concerns about the environmental crisis and social polarization has marked the end of the twentieth century, questioning faith in the path of progress that we had proposed indefinite industrial civilization. But this fact alone does not allow speaking of a crisis of civilization. Moreover, it can be argued that the project of modernity and progress underlying never been so widespread, nor was overtaking much as now other ways of understanding and feeling the world (Nadarajah, & Yamamoto, 2007, pp.67-72).

Indeed the success of the project of modernity civilization in which we live is its ability to support his foundations in values ??that are supposed universal and transcendent, therefore, outside time and space considerations, and to link them with overtones of scientific rationality, empirical evidence domesticated to give timely notice of the progress promised achievements, while overlook the regressive consequences, unwanted accompanying. Economic science has played a key role in this game reductionist, providing the core of rationality on which sits the so-called “thinking”. Once the world under the yoke of the “thinking” guided by economic rationality subservient to the dominant capitalist universalism, it has been postulated trumpeted the “death of ideologies” and “the end of history.” (Nadarajah, & Yamamoto, 2007, pp.67-72) The lack of intellectual modesty behind the uncritical and casual handling of such claims, in a world that is informed intellectual, realizes the impunity with which it operates prevailing reductionism when such considerations seem more typical of visions have now outdated: they remind us that alleged “natural order” immutable, fruit of God's creation, the subject was considered the world before Darwin constructed the theory of evolution. Interestingly, in a surprising intellectual somersault, immobility such reductionist usually comes dressed with displays of relativism “postmodern” to flee and the problems of the present (Frey, & Yaneske, 2007, pp. 33-54).

In view of the above, it seems to have reversed the old progressive role that once was attributed to the social sciences. From Plato and Aristotle has been thinking that people are able to improve the society in which they live and that rational knowledge (science) would provide the necessary foothold to enable social change (Troy, 2012, pp.155-167). However today economy, this “queen of the social sciences” is, has reversed the situation: we have seen the extension of a reductionist economic discourse that annihilates the possibility of reconsidering the goals of society and, therefore, to change, making politics even conditional on that speech. The standard economic thinking and is situated in a field purely instrumental, subservient to promote blind instinct unleashed competitive and economic growth mechanism, closing their eyes to the social and environmental damage that such a model causes or helping to accepting as normal or inevitable as if the hail or lightning is involved. But the territory testifies physical and social damage inflicted, that remain reflected in urban landscapes, suburban and rural (Troy, 2012, pp.155-167).

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