DEVELOPMENT PSYCHOLOGY

Development Psychology

Abstract

The assessment initially compares the methods of child rearing and encompasses of development psychology. It analyzed parental behaviors, as well as, their psychological effect upon children. The study tends to deal with separation amongst behavioral patterns amongst the group of pre-school children. The study is based upon it encompasses analysis of the study of Bowlby's process of four stages. The study analysis the third stage of Bowlby's attachment process, that lasts from six months to three years. The stage encompasses of describing and looking into the desire of a particular caregiver to be around, however, reaching the age of three; the child separates the association. The study aims at studying and analyzing different behaviors pertaining to pre-school. The research encompasses of 500 children who are in their pre-schooling age, in order to, assess their tendency of sociability, against their tendency for attention seeking. The study further encompasses of 200 interviews from people who directly interact with preschoolers, as well as, assess their behaviors. Finally, it encompasses of comparison of theories of cognitive development proposed by Piaget and Burner. It analyses the process of understanding and knowing from both perspectives.

Table of Contents

Development Psychology1

Development Psychology6

Development and child rearing styles6

The concept of child rearing6

Styles of Child rearing and their psychological consequences6

Cross cultural perspectives on child rearing9

Child rearing in China9

Child rearing in India9

Child rearing in the United States10

Child rearing in the United Kingdom10

The extent of conditioning used in behaviour shaping11

Classical conditioning and behaviour shaping11

Operant conditioning and behaviour shaping12

Behaviour modification strategies in operant conditioning12

Effectiveness and ethics of behavioural methods13

Effectiveness13

Ethics13

The power assertion technique and child rearing14

Social learning and experimental evidences15

Experimental evidences15

Critical evaluation of modelling on child development16

Baundra's three models16

Critical evaluation16

Pros16

Cons17

An observational study in pre-school children18

Aim18

Null Hypothesis18

Alternate Hypothesis18

Methodology18

The research design19

Variables19

Experimental research20

Non-experimental research20

Systematic review of literature21

Controls21

Participants21

Sex differences22

Apparatus22

Instruments22

Instructions and debriefing22

Title of the experiment22

Debriefing about the research23

Conducting observational studies23

Results and treatment of results24

Observational studies24

Sociability behaviours24

Attention seeking behaviours25

Interview questionnaire responses26

Discussion27

Bowlby's Attachment theory27

Ainsworth's Stranger Situation Assessment27

Schaffer's and Emerson's stages of attachment28

Bowlby's maternal deprivation28

Conclusion28

Introduction29

Discussion29

Piaget's theory of cognitive development29

Components of Piaget's theory30

Stages of development30

Bruner's theory of learning31

Comparison of similarities and differences32

Criticism32

Piaget's theory32

Bruner's Theory33

Conclusion33

References34

Appendices36

Development Psychology

Development and child rearing styles

The concept of child rearing

Child rearing is termed as “parenting”. It is defined as “the process of promoting and supporting physical, emotional, social and intellectual development of an individual from the phase of infancy to adulthood”. It is further elaborated as “the process of raising up a child by fostering his physical, intellectual and mental capabilities and taking legal and social responsibilities of the child”. Child rearing is extremely significant in terms of personality development, as well as, individual cognition and ethical values. Child rearing decides what sort of a person he becomes, and traces his future conducts towards the self and society.

Styles of Child rearing and their psychological consequences

Child rearing is the most significant task in the making of mankind. Usually, a child is reared by his blood parents. However, there are children brought up in foster care or orphan care. Child rearing styles are utterly significant, in terms of, psychological ...