COMMUNITY VIOLENCE AND BEHAVIOR

Aggressive Adolescents' Positive Response Mechanisms: The Impact of Social Cognitive Mediators Relationship between Exposure to Community Violence and Behavior



TABLE OF CONTENT

CHAPTER 02: LITERATURE REVIEW3

Origins and Long Term Effects of Violence: Do We Need a New Theory?3

Origins of Violence4

Environmental Origins6

Heritable Origins10

Effects of Violence12

Neurobiological Effects13

Psychological Effects15

Physical Effects19

Behavioral Effects22

Ethical concerns23

Summary24

Future Study27



CHAPTER 02: LITERATURE REVIEW

Origins and Long Term Effects of Violence: Do We Need a New Theory?

There is no single explanation which adequately addresses the origin and effects of exposure to human violence. Violent acts are a common occurrence in human existence. A heterogeneous regarding the causes that influence the long-term effects interact with elements of the situation to cause the decision-making and response behaviors that lead to violence. An important part of efforts to explain the violence has focused on social and economic demography (Brewer, 2007; Gauthier, 2003). Some population studies (Monahan, 1993, Reif et al, 2007;. Reiss and Roth, 1993) have tried to predict violent behavior. Burchinal, Roberts, Zeisal, Henon, and Hooper, have suggested that certain psychological problems may arise from the presence of some of the demographic reasons such as family stress or extreme violence (Segerstrom and Miller, 2004).

Study report exposure to community violence significantly impact performance (Farrell et al, 2008; Lambert et al, 2005) and has been shown to affect school performance (Mathews, Dempsey, and Overstreet, 2009). A large number of studies (Mathews et al, 2009;. Wrosch and Miller, 2009 and Wrosch, Schulz and Heckhausen, 2002) reports that exposure to violence can leave a child feels defenseless and susceptible to negative influences. These feelings can cause a young person to respond aggressively in school, in an attempt to protect them. Some might respond in ways hostile as those that lead to behavioral problems displayed in schools (Crick and Dodge, 1994). When students are exposed to violence can be seen acting as an acceptable way to respond to situations, despite the consequences that it becomes a normal way of dealing with life stressors (Mancini, Fruggeri, and Foa, 2003).

Origins of Violence

Origins of violence can be considered in two basic categories: the first is the social environment, and the second is physical-neural-chemical-biological-psychological or outside influences of the human body and influences from within. Both sources of influence are undoubtedly affected by other aspects. A person with psychological or neural structures that predispose him or her to aggression can certainly create a climate of tension in your family. And violent social structures, such as gangs, may predispose people to aggression, which could cause or encourage psychological problems. Therefore, it seems that any element of the cause or effect of violence must be regarded in itself as having a direct single cause.

Study on inheritance and neurobiological causes associated with violent behavior have added a new dimension to the understanding of violent behavior. The problem is that theories can compete, the result in less of the entire explanation for the behavior, and produce faulty predictions. Perhaps we have been studying violence in the same way as we studied the ...