Assignment 2

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Introduction

The COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases is considered as a common treatable, progressive and preventable disorder that is characterized by the limitation of airflow and this type of airflow is not reversible completely (Senior and Anthonisen, 1998). COPD is mainly associated with the lung hyperinflation and airway obstruction that supports to increased the burden symptom, diminished quality of life as well as exercise intolerance. In further abnormalities regarding pulmonary, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is associated with other significant manifestations based on systematic that include the osteoporosis, dysfunction of skeletal muscle, body mass, cor-pulmonale, mood disorders and abnormalities (Donaldson et al., 2002).

Best Practices for COPD

In chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) to reduce consequences based on longer term related to disease, the patient education that focuses on the self-management strategies is necessary (Senior and Anthonisen, 1998). Primary models for care delivery including the PCMH - patient centered medical home and CCM - chronic care model utilize self-management and enhanced education as part of the proactive and planned care. Caring patients of COPD should address the short term and long term complications prevention and function, symptom control and the quality of life (Donaldson et al., 2002). This is differentiated with focusing on managing missing the potential and acute exacerbations for the purpose of preventing the progression of disease through facilitating symptom's control and preventing exacerbations, management of dysfunction related to skeletal muscle, management of COPD's non-pulmonary complications and hypoxemia.

Hospital, end-of-life services and palliative care are underutilized in the case of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). These patients and their decision makers should be engaged in discussion along with clinicians in order to figure out the preferences of care and potential complexities' anticipation that are related to the uncertainties and care in more extra care of COPD patients (Pillai et al., 2009).

There are the following best practices and interventions considered in COPD;

Assessment of nutrition that are related to the COPD - chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Body composition's measurement

Screening of bone density

Energy needs' determination during exacerbation and in stabilizing COPD.

Assessment of quality of life

Intervention of nutrition (implementation and planning based on prescription of every individual for MNT - medical nutrition therapy.

Encouraging the intake of antioxidant vitamin

Intake of medical supplements of food

Encouraging the intake of omega fatty acid

Giving an advice for the consumption of milk

MNT integration with the other clinical experts and professionals

Collaboration on treatment the diseases such as Pharmacotherapy

Reinforcement the utilization of supplemental therapy based on oxygen

Treatment of osteoporosis and osteopenia (encouraging the usage of vitamin D and calcium)

Monitoring and evaluation of nutrition

Life's quality

Status of weight

Composition of body

Published Guidelines of COPD

The published guidelines based on national evidence provide general recommendations and suggestions for the diagnosis, prevention and a stepwise procedure for treatment and it is based on the symptoms, disability and the severity of disease. These guidelines include the ERS - European Respiratory Society Standards / ATS - American Thoracic Society for the treatment and diagnosis of COPD's patients (Pillai et ...