A critical analysis of race-related public policy and its social repercussions on race-specific education issues within the United Kingdom since 1945.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 11

How did the race relations act come about1

What other organisations and legal bodies helped this act come about2

Criticisms of the Race Relations act3

Direct discrimination and indirect discrimination5

Effectiveness7

How significant is the Race Relations Act? How important?8

Evaluation - how could it be made more effective? Possible future changes9

Does it work in reality10

Small comparison to another country why is it so different to the UK11

How it has another effect on other areas14

Refer to Lord Scarman's work15

Recommendations of the Scarman Report16

CHAPTER 219

Re-percussions of Race Relations Act on education19

Institutional Racism20

How is it incorporated into education acts21

Why is it essential?22

In reality has it been carried out in practise23

How does it affect society24

Small comparison with another country (not Western)25

Possible developments in the future26

Affirmative action27

Positive discrimination28

Conclusion28

REFERENCES29

CHAPTER 1

How did the race relations act come about

Increased non-white immigration post-1945 into Britain led the British government to redefine British in terms of “whiteness.” This active radicalized re-creation of British national identity constantly questioned the legitimacy of non-white communities. Therefore, the government saw state intervention as the primary means to deal with issues of racism and racial discrimination (Wellman 1997, 77). The Labour government passed the Race Relations Acts (RRA) of 1965 and 1968. These Acts set up bodies that would deal with issues of discrimination, social adjustment and welfare faced by immigrants and aimed to educate the public about race relations (Sue 2003, 76).

Since 1945, changes in population demographics due to the end of the British Empire, globalization and the mass immigration of former colonial subjects into the “motherland” resulted in a large non-white population settling in Britain who had claims to this citizenship. In response, the British government changed access to British citizenship through subsequent immigration acts since 1948, limiting the entry of non-white populations, mainly from the Caribbean, the Indian sub-continent and Africa (Schaefer 2008, 19-23). As Institutional discrimination in the political theory of social phenomena which is also referred to the attribution of discriminatory and institutional character. It is understood as the result of organizational behaviour in a network of social institutions. The potential site institutional discrimination is identified in the formal rights, organizational structures, programs and routines of institutions (Silverman 2001, 44-56).

Those who suffers racial discrimination often face complex forms of racism, which is difficult to identify and easy to deny. In this study, we would consider institutional racism which was once strongly prevalent among the U.K. police department and in the wake of this discrimination, innocent lives of people from ethnic and racial minorities were taken which created a furore among human rights activists (Schaefer 2002, 192-198). Considering the murder case of Stephen Lawrence and Anthony Walker, there had been many court trials but the perpetrators were not sentenced to death. Even today, racial discrimination is said to have been existing among the U.K. Police who still stop and search Black people more often as compared to their white counterparts (BBC News, ...