New World Order

Thesis Statement

New era in international relations and global economics following the end of the Cold War. The phrase new world order came from a speech in which President George H. W. Bush described the beginnings of the Gulf War. The expression was apt for both the time and the global situation.

Introduction

In early 1991, the world was poised to enter a new era in international relations—the communist governments of Eastern Europe (including the Soviet Union) had collapsed, leaving the United States as the sole surviving world superpower. (Abrahamsson, 16-23)

The end of the intense Cold War ideological competition created a partial ideological vacuum. Part of the world, having seen the collapse of its previous framework, was ready for a new system of thought. The United States was in an ideal position to bring its ideas forward. It could also encourage other nations to embrace reforms it saw as desirable—reforms leading countries politically toward liberal democracy and neoliberal economic principles. Some regard the emerging new world order as Euro-American imperialism or as an order based on—and maintained by—U.S. power and influence. Others regard it as opening the door to a fair and just international civil society.

The plan to create such a world culture is complex and implies new priorities in international politics. First and foremost, it signifies a break from the previous competitive world order and a transformation of the international system. The new world order relies upon cooperation among nations, rather than the sometimes-precarious balance of power that existed during the Cold War. Great powers especially need to take leadership roles in creating international order.

Overview

The new world order also encourages international institution of the rule of law. Ideally, the rule of law will bring an end to impunity and to government abuses in nations around the world. President George H. W. Bush's speech also focused particularly on an expanded role for the United Nations and the UN Security Council in world affairs. These organizations could do more to help maintain international peace and security, as they were designed to do; peacekeeping operations would be especially encouraged. In addition, the new world order foresaw increased participation of international organization in world affairs. These organizations could help smooth the progress of nations toward liberal development.

Domestically, the new world order stresses the development of multiparty democracies in countries previously living under dictatorships or other forms of authoritarian rule. The creation of liberal democracies means creating governments that protect the ability of citizens to participate meaningfully in the political process, to dissent, to form opposition parties, and so on. The international community can put pressure on developing countries to form such governments; loans and other forms of assistance are often tied to the establishment of good governance.

The new world order also encourages different economic and social priorities. In the economic realm, liberalization of economies and increased economic interdependence are favored. By transitioning to market economies, countries around the world would be able to enjoy the fruits of capitalism. Consumers would have more choice and ...