In this paper, I would like to answer the second question about educational leadership. Educational practice today requires more and increasingly varied participation by teachers in the leadership work of continual school improvement and renewal.
By this time, approximately 125 universities were offering graduate programs in K-12 educational leadership and administration, and nearly all states required some form of administrative certificate for superintendents and principals. University faculty was selected on the basis of their academic preparation rather than their experience as administrators, and the subject matter became more rigorous (McCarthy, 2008). The field shifted from a practical ...