THEORIES AND PERSPECTIVES IN BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

Theories and Perspectives in Business Management



Theories and Perspectives in Business Management

Introduction

Essentially, management involves making things happen. Early on major projects such as the construction of cities and palaces, necessarily involved the planning, organization and control are the key elements of modern management. The Human resource management is an area where practices have been very different in those earlier times. Many project managers of those times have used slave labor, threats and physical violence as a way to 'motivate' workers. Confucius was one of the first senior leaders to change this scenario a bit (Chen, Yang, Chen, Chen & Chen, 2010). In 500 BC suggested that the rulers were human, benevolent and righteous so that thus they were also more effective.

Interest in management theory dates back thousands of years, however, a scientific approach to management has emerged in the last century. In the first few decades of this century emerged three main approaches to management (Alam, 2011). We call it a classic look, behavioral and quantitative. Recognition classic had two main branches: scientific management and administrative management. Scientific management were engaged in improving the efficiency and working methods of a single worker. Administrative management primarily interested in the best internal structure of the organization, conducive to the smooth functioning of her. Movement for relationships recognized the importance and potential of behavioral processes in organizations over time evolved into concepts of organizational behavior-more realistic versions of the behavioral approach.

Look quantitative and two component national trends: a quantitative theory of management and operational management, try to use quantitative techniques to make decisions and solve problems. Operational management is less mathematicised and less complicated than the static quantitative management theory and can be applied directly to the managerial situation (Jones, 2010). In fact, the operational management can be seen as a form of application of the quantity theory of management. In short, these are the operational management techniques that deal with assisted the organization in the effective production of products and services.

A systems approach has been pioneered by Ludwig von Bertalanffy - the creator of general systems theory and N. Wiener - founder of cybernetics. Its essence is to treat the object as open systems, the collection of elements connected in such a way that they form a new entity distinguishing the environment. One of the most popular definition defines a system as a pledge of components, among which there relations (interactions), and where each component is connected to each other directly or indirectly (Liao, Toya, Lepak & Hong, 2009). All of these shots should be seen as complementary rather than contradictory. Management is the process of planning, organizing, conducting, controlling the work of the organization and the use of all available resources of an organization to achieve its objectives.

Management Approaches in the Pre-Industrial Era

In the medieval era, they have created the first business associations. These associations were typically made by master craftsmen, who were the owners and managers of their shops, and workers employed journeymen and apprentices ...