[The Potential of Power Production from Landfill MSW in Lebanon]

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Acknowledgement

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Abstract

The special metropolitan district of Tripoli, the capital of the Republic of Lebanon, has a population of approximately 10 million. Its current solid waste treatment and disposal system has caused the city facing rapidly worsening waste problems. About 6,000 tonnes municipal solid waste out of a total 8,000 tonnes per day waste stream, primarily household, business and commercial waste (collectively termed municipal solid waste (MSW)), are disposed of by burying in landfills site. The waste disposal is carriedout without any sorting.Meanwhile, Lebanon is struggling with a chronically tight supply of electrical power. An increase in power reserve margin and improvement of transmission system are of urgent tasks. Regarding this issue, PT Acme Cipta Sarana as a private company suggests a solution to face MSW treatment system for Tripoli. This company offers a technology to convert organic fraction in MSW into combustible gases. The conversion shall be conducted in two ways: biological conversion for converting easily degradable wastes into energy rich gas (methane, CH4) and gasification of other organics to become synthetic gases (syngas) at a limited amount of oxygen. Energy containing gases will eventually be used in the power generation process.

Table of Contents

ABSTRACTIV

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTIONVI

Constraints and issues related to the project sectorviii

Government policy and strategy relevant to the project sectorx

Bess for Municipal Solid Wastes Treatment in Lebanonxii

Electrochemical process for municipal solid wastes treatment in Lebanonxii

BESs for municipal solid wastes treatment in Lebanonxiii

CHAPTER 2: MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTES TREATED IN BESSXV

Abiotically cathodic MFCsxv

Bioanodic MFCsxvi

Abiotically cathodic MECsxxi

Biocathodic MFCs and MECsxxii

CHAPTER 3: MICROBIAL CONSORTIA AND CHARACTERIZATION TECHNIQUESXXIV

Techniques for characterizing microbial consortia in BESsxxiv

Character of microbial consortia/microorganisms degrading municipal solid wastes in BESsxxv

Degradation pathways of municipal solid wastes in BESsxxix

Project partnersxxxii

GHG emission reduction monitoring and verificationxxxii

Project boundary and monitoring domainxxxiii

Poverty reductionxxxiii

Technology transferxxxiv

Technologyxxxiv

CHAPTER 4: DISCUSSION AND ANALYSISXXXVI

Estimated Annual Carbon Equivalent Emission Benefits From Operating LFGTE Projects at NSPS & non-NSPS Landfills (LMOP, 2000)xxxvii

Project Economic Analysisxxxviii

Statement of poverty reduction impactxxxviii

Environment impactsxxxviii

Air pollutionxxxix

Water pollutionxxxix

Refuse Processingxl

CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSIONXLIII

REFERENCESXLV

Chapter 1: Introduction

A great number of municipal solid wastes including dyes, pesticides, explosives and heavy metals, as well as polyalcohols, furan derivatives and phenolic substances originating from lignocellulosic biomass are produced by industry and agriculture. These wastes have been regarded as priority pollutants owing to their mutagenicity, recalcitrance, and tendency to accumulate in the environment. Conventional physical and chemical treatment technologies include carbon adsorption, filtration, chemical precipitation, photo degradation, ozonation and membrane technology. Major limitations of these physical and chemical methods are cost and generation of secondary pollutants (air emissions or ...