TERRORISM

Terrorism



Table of Content

Contents

Chapter 1: Introduction3

Background of the Study3

1.1Terrorism - Definition5

1.3Why is this a research issue8

1.5Structure10

1.6Vulnerabilities11

Additional Material13

Chapter 2: Literature Review28

2.1Legislation28

2.1.1UK Building Regulations28

2.1.2Civil Contingencies Act 200430

2.1.4UK Government Organisations32

2.1.5National Counter Terrorism Security Office (NaCTSO)33

2.1.5.1The Centre for the Protection of the National Infrastructure (CPNI)34

2.1.5.2Police Architectural Liaison Officers (PALO) & Crime Prevention Design Advisors34

2.2Threats35

2.1Risks40

2.4 Mitigation & Design44

2.4.1Risk and Building Regulations / Codes46

2.4.2Storeys52

2.4.3Robustness53

2.4.3.2Effective horizontal and vertical ties in all supporting columns and walls53

2.4.3.4Key Element Design56

2.4.3.5Dynamic Response57

2.4.4Analysis Methods58

2.4.5Debris Loading58

2.4.6Probability Based Design59

Model grasp and empirical design60

Chapter 3: Methodology62

3.1What does research entail?63

3.2 Secondary data Documentary Research69

3.3 Primary Data Gathering Process69

Sample74

3.1 Data Analysis and Coding76

3.5Ethics77

Chapter 4: Results & Discussion78

4.1The interviews80

4.2Coding Results81

4.2.1Terrorism83

4.2.2Risk & Building Codes83

4.2.4Robustness84

4.2.5Analysis84

4.2.6OGD's84

4.3Results & Analysis84

4.3.1Clarify the risk of terrorism and possible approaches to quantify it.85

4.3.2Clarify the weaknesses and areas of confusion in the current the UK Building85

4.3.3Proposed improvements to the UK Building Regulations for further study.86

4.3.4Limitations86

References & Bibliography89

Chapter 1: Introduction

Background of the Study

Protecting Against Terrorism is an overview of the security recommendations that draws from CPNI's work with the nationwide infrastructure. Although directed mainly at countering promise terrorist attacks, much of it comprises good perform for enterprises of any dimensions, if personal or public sector. It is proposed as a beginning point. Any foremost conclusions or buying into pertaining to shielding security should habitually be taken in discussion with the broader causes of recommendations and data that are accessible and referenced all through the next pages.

The threat from terrorism to the UK remains both real and serious. An attack could take place at any time without warning and any organization could be directly or indirectly affected. Acts of terrorism vary in terms of scale and purpose. Some seek merely to inflict superficial damage or cause public distress to draw attention to a particular cause. But others carry a more malicious intent. Terrorism is not just about violent attacks on people and property. Disrupted communications systems, damaged assets and tarnished reputations can cause immediate and/or long-term harm to a business and so equally desirable from the terrorist point of view.

Terrorism is not a new phenomenon and there can be few in the western world who were not shocked at the event of September 11, 2001 when a number of hijacked commercial aeroplanes were deliberately crashed into iconic American buildings. This was followed by other major terrorist attacks in Spain and here in the United Kingdom (UK) a number of suicide attacks took place in London on July 07, 2005. Whilst compared to other parts of the world, such as Israel, Lebanon, Egypt, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Bali and others the western world has had relatively few attacks in comparison. However, the intent is still thought to be there by many, and there may be numerous reasons, such as our security services and police, the difficulty in obtaining suitable weapons and explosives and others, why we have not seen attacks on a similar scale to those in other parts of the world. This however, does not mean it has gone away and as with any good defence it should be built ...