TECHNICAL REPORT

Technical report -types and methods of soil exploration and types and construction methods of various shallow and deep foundation alternatives



Introduction2

Soil Boring and Sampling3

Testing Pits4

Applications5

In-situ Tests9

Geotechnical "in situ"9

Types of tests "in situ" on land11

Pressure meter test12

Windlass test13

Direct shear test "in situ"13

Permeability Test14

Shallow Foundations15

Study site and soil sampling17

General physical and chemical characterization of soil samples18

Soil metal content: total and extractable concentrations20

Conclusion21

References22

Technical report -types and methods of soil exploration and types and construction methods of various shallow and deep foundation alternatives

Introduction

Soils are valuable common assets that influence all aspects of the biological system. Soils hold water and supplements for plants and eventually creatures. All the sustenance we consume and the regular materials we utilize, for example paper, wood and garments, hinge on soils. It is significant to comprehend soil and its part in the biological system and in agribusiness (Sanglerat, 1972, pp. 131).

The physical lands of soils influence the sort and measure of vegetation that can develop in a given area. Case in point, the measure of water a dirt can hold (water holding limit) is a component influencing the plants that can survive. Certain plants develop in sandy decently emptied desert soils while others develop in overwhelming dirt soil wetlands. Soil temperature, soil ph, soil structure, natural matter substance, soil dampness and soil ripeness are everything variables that influence the living beings that can no frills in the dirt, and which, in turn, sway the whole environment.

Plants are essential components of ecosystems as they are primary producers of organic matter and oxygen, and a food source for heterotrophic organisms, humans included. They are considered versatile tools to monitor the presence and the effects of pollutants in soil, for they are in close contact with the soil matrix and with soil pore water, absorbing both nutrients and pollutants and responding to changes in soil properties (Fletcher, 1986, pp. 90).

Several are the reasons why plants have been widely used in assays, to evaluate soil quality and risk assessment of phytotoxic compounds: i) they have a sedentary existence, so they can be continuously exposed to a source of pollution throughout their life cycle; ii) seeds are relatively inexpensive and plants are easily cultured in laboratory; iii) their biological responses can be evaluated in a short period of time and, iv) their condition/performance can be monitored in different ways, from physical observations to spectroscopic methods. In order to ensure comparability of results across studies and laboratories, there is a list of standardized plant species that can be used in toxicity tests

Soil Boring and Sampling

Subsurface borings for soil examination and for checking admirably development are penetrated with a Cme-45 or comparable penetrating apparatus. Boring areas are chosen or alternately surveyed by an enlisted Geologist. Where underground petroleum lines or utilities are a plausibility the boring apparatus is utilized to at first enter any surface solid or black-top and a hand wood screw is utilized to enter to a profundity of five feet beneath area ...