Tai Chi, Qigong Interventions for Adult Diagnosed with Traumatic Brain Injury

Table of Contents

Tai Chi, Qigong Interventions for Adult Diagnosed with Traumatic Brain Injury1

Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults3

China's Ancient Wisdom of Health5

Tai Chi5

Qigong Therapy of Traumatic Brain Injury6

Comparison of Qigong and Tai Chi8

Tai Chi Qigong10

Overview of Eastern Medicine and Qigong12

Mechanisms of Health Benefits of Qigong in Western Medicine14

Theory of Psychoanalysis by Freud14

The Theory of Self-Efficacy by Bandura16

Tai Chi Qigong relation with Psychoanalysis16

Tai Chi Qigong Intervention17

Conclusion and Recommendation20

Three Future Studies20

Implications for Practice20

Conclusion21

References22

Appendix 125

Appendix 230

Tai Chi, Qigong Interventions for Adult Diagnosed with Traumatic Brain Injury

Traumatic Brain Injury in Adults

One of the major causes of a brain injury is head trauma. In addition, the seriousness of the brain injury depends on the nature of the head trauma. At the time of the injury, there can be a severe damage to the neurones and tearing of the blood vessels, which can lead to the formation of haemorrhage and haematoma. Such a formation can result in the increasing of intracranial pressure (ICP) and compromising flow of blood to the cerebral tissues. At the initial stage, the decreasing consciousness of the patient indicates the rising ICP (Dolan & Holt, 2005). Injuries to the head injury can cause brain injuries at the primary and secondary level. Injuries that occur initially are the primary damages. On the other hand, secondary damages are those, which occur due to hypoxia (Dolan & Holt, 2005). Mild trauma brain injury results in unconsciousness up to 1 hour after the injury, complaining of headache, nausea and vomiting. Neurological status observed rhythmic twitching of the eye when viewed from the side (nystagmus), meningeal signs, asymmetry of reflexes. Radiographs may reveal broken bones of the cranial vault.

The management of severe brain trauma in A & E mostly depends on the prevention of secondary brain injuries (O'Shea, 2005). Evidence-based guidelines provided by the National Institute of Clinical Excellence deal with the management of patients who suffer head injuries. The guidelines provide recommendation pertaining to the neurological examination. According to the guidelines, the examination needs to document baseline levels of consciousness by the use of 15 point GCS. This is a standardized procedure for the assessment of consciousness levels on the basis of physical, eye sight, and verbal response. Moreover, the procedure aims to determine immediately if a patient shows improvement in neurological condition. The assessment also indentifies if the condition remains the same or deteriorates. The determination of consciousness level commonly takes place through GCS. GCS is considered as a worldwide recognized assessment of the modern time (Resuscitation Council, 2011).

Treatment of traumatic brain injuries can be divided into two stages. Stage one is of first aid and the stage of providing quality health care in the hospital is the second stage. If there is an episode with loss of consciousness the patient regardless of its current state needs transportation to a hospital. This is due to the high potential risk of severe life-threatening complications. After admission, the patient undergoes clinical examination. Then a series of diagnostic measures are ...