STAMMERING

Stammering



Stammering

PICO (T)

“Speech Therapeutic treatment for 'stammering' is one of the most constructive and functional method for the treatment and controlling of stammering in contrast with medication treatment”.

P =

Patient Population

Volunteers and participants suffering for “stammering”

I =

Intervention/Issue of Interest

Speech Therapeutic treatment for stammering.

C =

Comparison Intervention orComparison Group

Medication and use of drugs for Speech Therapeutic for stammering.

O =

Outcome

Participants and volunteers experienced Speech Therapeutic treatment for stammering as more effective and efficient than use of medication for the treatment.

(T) =

Time

Six month.

Theoretical analysis

Stammering, also known as persistent stuttering or persistent developmental stuttering is a disorder of the Health on the flow of speech in children or adults. The World Health Organization defines it as a "speech characterized by frequent repetition of sounds and syllables, or hesitations or pauses frequently, for at least three months," and among the "emotional or behavioral disorders". Stammering defined by other relevant institutions and medical disciplines; this is often the subject of debate. Stammering often includes psychological and social impact, moderate to heavy for the person affected. (Guitar 2006, Pp. 19-37)There are cases of suicide where the consequences of stammering are a proven factor.

Stammering consists of disruptions of fluency in the form of audible or silent blocking, repetitions of word parts or strains. Stammering is often associated with excessive effort when speaking. The effort is visible in prominent spasms of facial muscles or in additional movements of the head, arm or torso. In the moment, of stammering knows exactly what he wants to say, but is not able to publish it without interference. He loses control of his vocal apparatus. No two people stutter in the same way. The severity of stammering can vary considerably from one individual depending on circumstances, words, emotional state or physical condition.

Causes of Stammering

Probably people who stutter have a predisposition to stammering. Stammering occurs in a period in which the child develops physically, mentally, emotionally and linguistically quickly. Many influences from the physical, the physiological, the linguistic and the social sector can play a role in the development. In the further development, of stammering, the growing effort to speak and the child try to avoid stammering. It can cause negative feelings and attitudes about speaking. (Woods 2000, Pp. 547-568)Vicious circle of fear and avoidance of effort and frustration, and will then maintain or enhance it still stammering.

Impact of Stammering on the Lives of People Who Stammer

Many people who stutter avoid using words or situations where they fear having to stutter. Everyday situations like buying a ticket, can pose a significant burden for people who stutter. The fear of stammering and the desire to avoid it can dominate the whole life. Education, work, friends and leisure activities may be chosen not according to actual needs, but then to have to talk a little. Negative reactions of others, such as rejection and scorn, pity or embarrassment but also can contribute to stammering, the person retires.

Stammering is not just a speech impediment but a communication disorder and ...