Seeking Identity In Mental Health Nursing: A selective Literature Review

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW1

Problem with People Suffering of Mental Illness1

Psychiatric-Mental Health (PMH) Nursing3

As Evolving Discipline4

Psychiatric Mental Health Clinical Experiences6

Role of Nurses8

Nurse-Client Relationship9

Nurse-Patient Relationship as a Moral Practice18

Ethics21

Relational Ethics and the Problem of Nursing under the Influence23

Nursing Care level of Empowerment23

Collaborative Relationships25

Physical Interventions26

Therapeutic Relationship27

REFERENCES30

CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW

Problem with People Suffering of Mental Illness

Mental issues are usually classified and defined in order to allow professionals to prescribe people, treatment and care that is most appropriate for them (Hem, Heggen & Ruyter, 2008, 779). According to Hem et al. (2008), some of these diagnoses are controversial, and a concern is significantly rising in the field of mental health regarding people who are mostly treated by the doctors in accordance to or described by the label. Most of the symptoms indicating mental illness are traditionally categorised into groups such as, psychotic or neurotics symptoms (Hem, et al., 2008, 779). Neurotic symptoms are mostly regarded as severe forms of emotional experiences, which include anxiety, panic or depressions. On the other hand, less commonly appearing is psychotic symptoms, which tend to interfere with a perception of reality on an individual and might involve hallucinations such as hearing, feeling, smelling or seeing things that other people cannot (Peter & Liaschenko, 2004, 220). These problems affect the way patients think, behave and feel. Different types of mental illness include: depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, read their own meaning into day-to-day events. Following are different conditions that come under the group of mental illness:

Mood Disorder: Mood disorders are also known as affective disorders, which involve continuous feelings of sadness or overly happiness, moving up to extreme sadness or happiness. Most commonly observed mood disorders include: depressions, bipolar disorder or mania.

Anxiety: people having anxiety disorders respond to particular situations or objects with dread and fear, along with psychiatric signs of nervousness, like sweating or rapid increase in the heartbeat (Peter & Liaschenko, 2004, 220). Anxiety disorder is diagnosed when the person becomes incapable of keeping control on his or her feelings and responses, is not appropriately responding to a particular situation, or when their anxious behavior intervenes with their normal functioning. Anxiety disorder includes: obsessive-compulsive disorder, social anxiety disorder, specific phobias, generalised anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD).

Personality Disorder: People having personality disorders experience extreme level of inflexibility in their personality traits and characteristics that create distressing situations and can cause problems for people in work, social relationships, or school. Additionally, the pattern of behavior and the way people think starts differing from that of the expectations made by the society and their social relationships (Peter & Liaschenko, 2004, 220). Some of the personality disorders include: paranoid personality disorder, obsessive-compulsive personality disorder, and antisocial personality disorder.

Psychotic Disorders: These involve disturbed thinking and awakening. The most common symptom of psychotic disorder are hallucinations, experiencing sounds or images that does exist in real, such as hearing wear voices, having delusions that might be caused due to unrealistic or false ...