Rough Draft on ADHD

Introduction

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a developmental disorder. It caused with young children and is very common. Reasons behind this disorder are that children do not get attention at home which then creates hyperactivity. ADHD has become very common within children, because they say that they cannot concentrate on their studies. This disorder is difficult to diagnose because it is hard to draw lines between a normal child and a children suffering from this disorder. Major symptoms of this disorder are that children are easily distracted and find it difficult to concentrate and keep them motivated.

ADHD

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, or ADHD is a condition that causes permanent inattention, hyperactivity, and (or) impulsivity. ADHD begins in childhood and may persist into adulthood. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder - one of the most common mental illnesses in children. They suffer from 3 to 5% of children in the United States called the figure of 2 million children. Boys have ADHD occurs in 2-3 times more often than girls. On average, each class has at least one child who needs treatment for this disease (Abramowitz & O'Leary, pp. 220).

Understanding Etiology

Understanding the etiology of ADHD is critical in discerning how genetic and environmental factors might induce it. Diagnosis is based on a spread of behavioral symptoms - mainly excessive movement, impulsiveness and difficulties paying attention. ADHD is traditionally classified into three types: the inattentive type, the hyperactive/impulsive type, and a fusion of the two (outofthebox.com). Variability in combinations and severity of symptoms as well as the potential for bias in diagnosis can make it difficult to identify phenotypic trends. However, distinguishing these subtle behavioral differences has enabled researchers to narrow down the multitude of pathophysiological possibilities to form more extensive, refined hypotheses (Barkley et al, pp. 279)..

Behavioral and Cognitive Issues

Neuroimaging studies have been able to link behavioral and cognitive problems common to ADHD patients with deformities in the areas of the brain responsible for symptoms. The prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia, cingulated cortex and cerebellum are among typically affected regions. Together they make up the fronto-striato-cellebar network, or fronto-striatal network with the exclusion of the cerebellum (outofthebox.com). Conjointly these regions are associated with working memory, planning, decision making, response inhibition, executive function and focus, all of which are negatively affected in children and adults with the disorder. Current ADHD pathology theories are focused on the processes affecting these regions, although multiple pathways involving other areas and mechanisms may also be valid (Watkins,2012 ).

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder also suffers about 5% of adults. About 60% of children with ADHD have a manifestation of the disease and in adulthood. ADHD symptoms in different patients may differ, but all of them in varying degrees, difficult to control their level of activity (hyperactivity), hold back (impulsivity) and focus (carelessness). In cases where the activity is normal or low, only talk about attention deficit disorder (ADD). Hyperactivity and impulsivity tend to diminish with age. In children, ADHD is usually the problem at home and at school, and ...