PHYSIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES

Physiological Principles for Health and Social Care

Physiological Principles for Health and Social Care

1.1Anatomical features of the human body

The Integumentary System

Integumentary system of the human body is made up of skin and its other components. The other components of the skin are some glands, nails and hair. The main function of the system is to protect the body, to facilitate in the excretion of waste products and to control the temperature of body. The system is also responsible in sensing the various pain perceptions, temperature and pressure. Furthermore, it helps in the production of vitamin D3 from sunlight.

The Skeletal System

The skeletal system of the body consists of joints, bones, ligaments and cartilages. Joints are present in the body to facilitate movement and provide flexibility to the body. Two types of connective tissues are also present in the body which makes up the skeletal system (EPHTI, 2003, pp.43-73). The main functions of the skeletal system include Support, protection, storage, movement and the formation of blood cells. The internal frame and soft organs of the body are supported by the skeletal system and it also protects the soft body organs. The bones of the skeleton act as levers to facilitate the movement and. Bones of the skeletal system contains minerals and fats including calcium and phosphorous.

The Muscular System

All the contractile tissue of the body is included in the muscular system including smooth, cardiac and skeletal. The individual muscle organs of the body are composed of connective tissues and the skeletal muscle tissues. Cardiac tissues are present in the heart and smooth muscles are present in the small intestine and urinary bladder. The main Functions of muscle tissue include stabilization, motion and generation heat. The muscular system helps in movement like running, walking, holding and nodding. These movements are facilitated by skeletal muscles, joints and bones. The skeletal muscles of the body keep the body in stable position and the postural muscles help in the contraction of the muscles. The skeletal muscles of the body perform work and it results in the generation of heat. The heat released by the work out of muscles is used in the maintenance of normal body temperature. More than half of the heat of body is generated by the contraction of muscles (EPHTI, 2003, pp.43-73).

The Nervous System

All the systems of the body are dependent on each other and they are controlled by two systems which are nervous system and the endocrine system. The information is transferred from one part of the body to another part in different ways by these systems. Nervous systems produce nerve impulses that are transferred from one area of the body to another. It is the chief coordinating agency of the body and responds to the external and internal stimuli of the body.

The Endocrine System

The endocrine system is included among the controlling and coordinating centers of the body but there are many differences between these two systems. The endocrine system works by using chemical signals and ...