PHYSIOLOGICAL PRINCIPLES

Understanding of Physiological Principals-Assignment



Task 1

List all the systems of the human body and their functions. Explain how body systems interact to ensure proper functioning and growth of the human body.

Integumentary System

Structures

Skin, hairs, nails.

Functions

The main function of integumentary system is the provision of support and protection to all organs of the body from external stimuli. In addition the function of skin is to maintain body temperature and prevents it from excessive conditions (Sherwood, 2011, pp. 89-733). Skin also helps to absorb Vitamin D from the sun, which then utilized by the body for the absorption of calcium.

Musculo-Skeletal System

Structures

Bones, Joints, Cartilages and Muscles.

Functions

Skeletal system supports the body, providing a framework with the aid of bone; these bones also protect internal organs. The functions of the skeletal system include haematopoiesis, which is the production of blood cells in bone marrow. It also works for the growth and development of the body, especially during developmental stages of life. Another function of this system is in maintaining the efficient and accurate movement of the body. The muscular system maintains body posture, holding at a specified position (Guyton & hall, 2006, pp. 310-1056).

Nervous System

Structures

Brain, Spinal Cord, Nerves and Sense Organs.

Functions

Nervous system is comprised of the brain (major part-commanding organ of the body), spinal cord and nerves. The nervous system builds up coordination among all systems of the body and command to perform various functions. The functions of nervous system are mainly carried out by sensory and motor nerves. By these nerves, nervous system interacts with whole body. Sensory nerves with the help of sensory receptors (present in different body sites), receive information and transmit to the sensory neurons in the form of signals. Integration of these signals is performed in the central nervous system such as brain and spinal cord. After making appropriate decisions by the brain, motor neurons receive this information for stimulating stimulate regulatory mechanisms (Sherwood, 2011, pp. 89-733). For example, when our finger touches sharp object, the sensory receptors correspond to it and send impulses to the spinal cord, which instructs after interpretation to remove the hand from that place, and this happens with in or less then the period of milli seconds.

Endocrine System

Structures

All hormone producing glands.

Functions

The endocrine system of the body is responsible for the production and action of hormones. This system works in close connection with the nervous system. The nervous system activates the glands located throughout the body, which release specific hormones bind to their receptors, producing the desired effect (Guyton & hall, 2006, pp. 310-1056). For example, hormone oxytocin helps in production of milk from mother in order to feed her new born child.

Respiratory System

Structures

Lungs and airway passages.

Functions

The main anatomical structures of respiratory system are the nose, trachea, wind pipe and lungs. The function of respiratory system is to supply oxygen to every part of the body. This oxygen is taken in by this system from air of external environment to inside the body via inhaling through nose (Sherwood, 2011, pp. ...