Pathophysiology of Muscles

Introduction

The paper strives to understand the pathophysiology of muscles. The aims to describe the progressive pathophysiology of muscular dystrophies in terms of muscle cell chemistry, membrane transport, and symptomatic tissue changes. Further, it develops a case study on a person who has suffered from frostbite. Lastly, the paper discusses prevention, pathogenesis, and treatment of dermatophyte infection including the potential difficulties in eradicating mycoses of the hair and nails.

Progressive Pathophysiology of Muscular Dystrophies

Muscular dystrophies are a group of most common hereditary and genetic muscle diseases, which involves muscle proteins defects, death of muscle cells and the progressive skeletal muscle feebleness. The progressive pathophysiology of the muscular dystrophies has greatly confronted explanation in the framework of monogenic diseases. The most common muscular dystrophy, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), clearly reveals this complexity. The DMD pathology encompasses a broad and complex set of defects, which include muscle metabolic defects, wasting and fibrosis, inflammation, cardiomyopathy, skeletal muscle weakness, increased fatiguability, lower IQ, vascular dysfunction and synaptic dysfunction. The main cause of the DMD is the weakening of the muscle tissue's cytoskeletal to effectively create the dystrophin and dystrophin-associated protein complex. Dystrophin protein is found, acting like a spring, in the muscle fibre membrane. The patient's medical history and the physical examination of the patient will assist the doctor in determining the type of muscular dystrophy.

Case Study: Frostbite

Frostbite occurs through freezing of the tissues and skin, due to cold-related injury, by exposure in very cold temperatures. A 30-year old former airplane pilot, while delivering toilet papers across the mountains of Alaska, was stuck in a storm. His airplane goes down and stuck somewhere in the mountains. He remained at high altitudes of Alaska and developed a severe frostbite. The frostbite injuries severely affected his hands and feet.

Questions

What was the temperature of Alaska at ...