PATHOPHYSIOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY

Pathophysiology and Pharmacology

Pathophysiology and Pharmacology

Question no. 1

Osteoporosis is a serious welfare problem. 28 million people have joined state conditions. It is to blame for 1.5 million fractures annually. The most common places where it affects are spine, wrist and hip. The fractures in the Hip and spine are the most dangerous. It often requires an admission to the hospital and an urgent surgery. It may furthermore lead to other grave outcomes, which could be death or permanent disability. For the realization of osteoporosis, it is useful to understand how bone is formed. Bones are of a living tissue that is developed in two stages. The first stage of formation takes location throughout the formation of new bone part, which is constructed of nutrients in the blood. The second phase of formation takes location at this stage; where units of skeletal parts are broken. The items are transferred to the blood and then to the whole fluids of the body. For approximately the first 30 years of life, it begins taking location in the body after middle age, resorption is much faster and skeletal parts get smaller and weaker.

Osteoporosis can furthermore happens in different other way some dugs and medication can boost he process. The end result is the same that is that the bones become weak. This process is called secondary osteoporosis.

Older people are usually more prone to osteoporosis (Dennis, 2005, Pp 10-90). It affects half of the men and women who are usually over 65 are more prone to it. Women are anticipated 5 times more than men to develop this condition. They have lesser, smaller skeletal components to start with, so resorption of skeletal part matter in women's bodies has a larger result of this disease than in the bodies of men.

Osteoporosis has another important component which is called menopause. When a woman stops menstruating this phase or process is called menopause. During this process or change, it stops making the hormone estrogen. Estrogen assists avert the resorption of bone. As degrees of estrogen fall in a woman's body, she is at bigger risk for osteoporosis.

The following factors may have been the cause of Joan of developing osteoporosis.

Age: everyone will lose some bone mass as they age. Body builds less new bone to restore the old bones after 35 years of age. Seniors who are more than expected to develop osteoporosis.

Estrogen: Estrogen is the skeleton of the strengths of women. A woman's body produces much less estrogen after menopause (menopause).

Gender: Women are at greater risk of developing osteoporosis, but men can be affected.

Disease: Some diseases, including infections of the thyroid, cancer of the skeleton and lung infections long may increase the risk of osteoporosis.

Lifestyle: smoking snuff or consuming too much alcohol or coffee for a long time. Not exercise regularly or downtime weakens bones.

Drugs: steroids, anticonvulsants and anticoagulants this drugs may have an adverse affect.

Nutrition and body size: If the consumption of foods that contain calcium and vitamin D are ...