[Overview of Expert System]

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CHAPTER 02: OVERVIEW OF EXPERT SYSTEMS

Introduction

The technology of expert system has captured the attention of professionals working in different fields. During the 1980s, professionals working in different areas including science, engineering, business, and medicine, have started to use expert systems in a gamut of applications (Duda et al., 1977, pp. 33).

Expert systems are descendants of a Artifical Intelligence (AI) that involves the development of computers exhibiting human-like intelligence. The earlier research conducted on Artificial Intelligence concentrated on solving diverse problems for instance game theory, robotic control, and vision system (Nilsson, 1980, pp. 429). The earlier studies conducted on Artificial Intelligence have provided an insight to the development of expert systems. According to these studies, reasoning is not a sufficient measurement of intelligent behaviour. However, adequate knowledge is required in order for reasoning. The studies have also suggested that for problem solving, problems need to be well-focused. It allows the application of specific knowledge to a specific problem. The findings of earlier studies conducted on Artificial Intelligence have led researchers to utilise human experts for solving problems. Human beings possess talent to apply knowledge in order to solve a specific problem. The expert systems were named so because they contained human expertise and problem solving skills in order to solve problem. Expert systems are computer programs that are designed to model the human expertise in problem-solving (Feigenbaum, 1977, pp. 1014).

The expert systems model different characteristics of human experts. The characteristics of human experts utilised in expert systems include following:

Knowledge

Reasoning

Conclusion

Explanations

The expert system is developed using the knowledge of the human expert. The knowledge of human beings is utilised in expert systems using content and structure. The presence of reasoning is modelled in expert systems through procedures and control structures. These procedures possess knowledge of experts. The solutions presented by expert systems are consistent with the findings of human experts. The explanations provided by expert systems are also similar to those of human experts. These aims of expert systems are accomplished through encoding problem solving and reasoning skills of human beings. The expert systems are used by others to solve problems using human ...