NASA Privitazation

Introduction

The U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is a large, centrally organized network (funded primarily by the U.S. government) of regional research centers and affiliated research groups whose work, broadly construed, falls within a general framework of aerospace science and technology. Most Americans associate NASA with its crowning achievements in space exploration. In 1958, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) was established by President Dwight Eisenhower partially as an extension of the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics (NACA) and also in response to the Soviet Union's first satellite launch. Under the National Aeronautics and Space Act, NASA is a federally funded public agency with four primary mission directorates:

1.Direct the development and validation of exploration systems

2.Improve modern aeronautics

3.Create and maintain space operations

4.Explore the Earth, solar system, and universe

The concept of space research is the study of near-Earth space, and other solar system bodies and interplanetary space, stars and other phenomena outside the solar system and search for extraterrestrial life forms. These studies can be conducted either by the direct method - using the automatic or manned spacecraft sent to the region under investigation, either by remote sensing using orbiting telescopes and other instruments.

Military and intelligence agencies of major countries use satellite reconnaissance satellites, early warning satellites and radio intelligence to oversee the military buildup and missile launch and other countries to intercept radio communications. The armed forces served as the meteorological satellites and communication satellites. Because such studies require enormous expenditures, they are funded ultimately by the state.

The use of space funded more widely - not only governments but also private companies, which gives space for certain kinds of special benefits not available on Earth. Chief among these benefits is in direct line of communication satellites launched into geostationary orbit, with the vast spaces of the Earth's surface. Direct visibility of the Earth's surface is also required for meteorological and natural resource satellites (Hoagland, 32). Also, according to experts, is very promising to conduct materials research in weightless conditions in orbit, because it may lead to the development of new materials with desired properties. The funding of such research leading role played by governmental organizations, although contracted with private industry.

How it all began

Space Age opened the International Geophysical Year (July 1957 - December 1958), the program which hundreds of scientists around the world carried out coordinated studies of the upper atmosphere. U.S. and Soviet Union announced that their IGY includes the launching of artificial earth satellites for the exploration of near space.

Notices given by the Soviet Union, the West did not attach much value until October 4, 1957 into orbit was launched Sputnik-1. Two months later, the U.S. satellite Vanguard-1, together with the launch vehicle (Viking - Aerobee-Hi ") exploded on the launch pad. However, the backup project Redstounskogo arsenal and the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, was ready, and January 31, 1958 rocket Jupiter-C launched to the orbit of the satellite Explorer-1.

Americans in space

At the end of 1957 - the beginning of 1958 ...