Mental Retardation and Learning Disability

[Name of the Institute] Mental Retardation and Learning Disability

Mental Retardation

Mental retardation ,intellectual impairment, mental / intellectual disability ormental disability is a name for a developmental disorder in which the intellect does not develop at a normal speed and usually never develop a normal level. The person has the cognitive deficit difficulty to fully function, compared with peers.

It is possible that the person in certain areas, work better than others. A familiar form of a congenital disability is Down syndrome , the cause is a too many chromosome (therefore sometimes called trisomy 21).

Retardation may be associated with many other disorders such as autism , schizophrenia , ADHD , PDD-NOSor a physical disability . In such a case it is seriously handicapped. Further, a very large number of relatively rare genetic disorders associated with mental retardation, like Fragile X syndrome , the syndrome of Angelman, the syndrome Prader-Willi, the Williams syndrome , the Rett syndrome , Tuberous Sclerosis Complex and many others. Metabolic diseases such as San Filippo diseasecan also be a cause of mental retardation (Hodapp, 2009).

Treatment

Treatment of the retardation is not usually possible and appropriate education or specific support in mainstream education ( including education ) is designated to the maximum feasible level trying to achieve. However, treatment of fringe phenomena often as possible. Many forms of genetically determined handicaps also bring with them other restrictions. Thus, someone with Down Syndrome an increased risk of thyroid disorder , dementia and heart disease. Regular monitoring of these risk groups, these diseases can be treated or delayed.

Independence

In practice, it is especially important to see how far someone can save itself to determine if someone independently or in a commune or someone can live and ambulatory (only periodically) or 24-hour care needs.This will include looking at the levels of Activities of Daily Living (ADL: personal care), social skills and emotional skills, along with the degree of disability and the extent to which someone needs this support.

A commune is a group of mentally disabled people who live together under supervision, often classified on the basis of the degree of disability with the degree of independence. A mentally retarded can be an institution with a covering or nursing staff included. If someone can not independently eating, talking, washing, dressing or going to the toilet, is very intensive care. Many of these very seriously retarded learn to walk and not be dependent on a wheelchair or bedridden. For people with mental retardation combined with (severe) behavioral exist Intensive Supervision Groups (Carson, 2007).

In recent years, the problem also exists in countries where institutional facilities available are the tendency for parents to keep their children still at home longer and opt for support in the form of home visits, a guesthouse or the only day care in an institution.

Levels

The severity of mental retardation can be indicated by comparing the age-related developmental level of a healthy child. For example, operate at the level of a four-year-old. Primarily in global forms of ...