Human Papillomavirus

Human Papillomavirus

Introduction

The purpose of this study is to expand the boundaries of our knowledge by exploring some relevant information relating to Human Papillomavirus. Human papilloma viruses are a group of viruses that are transmitted almost exclusively through sexual contact, and whose infection causes the production of cervical cancer, and other cancers of the vulva, vagina, anus and penis. There are over 120 different types of these viruses that can infect humans, although only 15 of them are considered high risk for developing cervical cancer. Other types (types 6 and 11) are the cause of so-called condylomata acuminata (genital warts) and the appearance of warts in the upper airway (recurrent respiratory papillomatosis), due to infection of the airways in the newborn from an infected mother during childbirth. Persistent infection with oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV) is a factor necessary to induce dysplastic lesions and cervical cancer. Thirty types of HPV have an affinity for the genital epithelium, of which 15 are oncogenic types. Types of HPV 16 and HPV 18 are responsible together for more than 70% of cervical cancers. Using a condom will not prevent infection but reduces its risk. More than half of men and women are infected HPV throughout life, but most of these infections are resolved spontaneously. It also showed that over 40% of infections occur within 24 months after sexual initiation (Widdice, 2008).

The purpose of the vaccine is mainly to prevent cervical high-grade dysplasia (CIN 2/3) and cervical cancer. Quadrivalent vaccine also prevents changes in high-grade dysplastic vulvar (VIN 2/3) and external genital warts and anal. Primary vaccination of 4-valent vaccine consists of three doses given in the scheme 0-2-6 months, and 2-valent vaccine also served in three doses, but in the scheme 0-1-6 months. Recommendations for the mass vaccination implemented in other countries include girls of all ages, depending on the age of sexual initiation in the country, from 9 years of age to 18 years of age. Contraindication to vaccination is allergic to components of the vaccine and severe allergic reaction after previous doses. The most common side effects are mild symptoms: pain, swelling, redness, and general symptoms - fever, rarely urticaria. Worldwide, between 10 and 15% of women aged 30 to 35 are infected with Human Papillomavirus, although there are large differences between countries, associated with different patterns of sex. The most hazardous feature of the human papilloma disease is that it has the potential to convert in cancer. In United States, about 3% of women 30-35 years are infected with Human Papillomavirus (Warren, 2009).

In the next section, the author will present the profile of the disease, its Etiology & ecology, and its distribution. Moreover, the author will also identify a problem in current treatment and control of Human Papillomavirus.

Discussion

Disease (Human papillomavirus) profile

Human papillomavirus is the virus from the family of papillomaviruses. There are about 100 types of HPV, some of which may cause mild changes in the form of warts on the skin, part of the formation of benign lesions in the ...