GLOBAL SOCIOLOGY

Global Sociology

Global Sociology

Introduction

Sociological methodology is the doctrine of the system of ontological assumptions, principles, approaches, methods, explains the structure of sociological knowledge, methods of its production, its increment, development and application. It is a way of self-sociology as a science, is a special kind of reflection on the nature, purpose, opportunities and sociological boundaries of scientific knowledge. The need to provide a methodological analysis in a particular area of ??scientific activity is the general law of the development of all human activities, including research. Therefore, the more complex the science, the greater will be the need for its analysis (Costner, 1974). This paper discusses sociological methodologies in a holistic context.

Discussion

The concept of "methodology" is derived from the Greek words 'methodos' (the way or knowledge) and 'logos' (the doctrine, the idea, or the word). Methodology is the study of how scientific research, but the content of the methodology widely. It includes a summary of the main principles of ontological assumptions, approaches and methods, which are justifying and explaining the methods of obtaining scientific knowledge, its increments, development and application. There are several methodologies.

Philosophical methodology studies the most general laws of human thought and knowledge, including scientific knowledge. Philosophical methodology is basically the same epistemology. Epistemology focuses on the analysis of knowledge. The methodology focuses on the procedural characteristics of the cognitive process.

Scientific methodology, which addresses the fundamental approaches and methods of learning that occur in all sciences.

Specialized scientific methodology, i.e., the methodology of specific sciences such as biology, physics, history, sociology, etc. Especially, the scientific methodology has been developed and concretized in the methods and techniques of research, specific to a particular discipline (Ruane, 2004).

Originally methodological developments in sociology carried out in the framework of development of sociological theories in the study object and the subject of sociological theories. In classical sociological thought, except Durkheim, no special work on the analysis of methodological problems. Sociological methodology as a special field of sociological knowledge began to form in the 20th century, and by mid-century sociological methodology developed in different directions. They differ in the ontological basis of sociological research on the approach that they used, the methods that have been the subject of most sociological methodology. Within sociological methodology, there are three groups of concepts methodology:

Concepts that hold the results of cognitive activity - an idea, a concept, a hypothesis, theory, fact, etc.;

Concepts that hold the basic premises of consciousness knowing subject - the picture of the world, the image of social reality, ontological representation, approach, etc., and

Concepts describing cognition researcher, some of its aspects - the paradigm, method, experiment, etc (Denzin, 2009).

The various methods within sociological methodology include:

Historical method:

Study the events, processes and institutions of civilization, in order to find the origins or history of contemporary social life and thus understand its nature and functioning. It starts from the idea that our customs and forms of social life have their roots in the past.

Comparative method:

Involves the comparison of different types of institutions or groups of people to analyze ...