Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Schizophrenia



Etiology, Diagnosis and Treatment of Schizophrenia

Introduction

The concept of Schizophrenia dates back to the time of old Pharaonic Egypt, when the onset of this disorder was associated to demonic possessions or a form of punishment by god. Despite the fact that a lot of information about it is still not known, the technological advancements in the field have led to improved understanding of the disorder. The purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the various etiological and epidemiological aspects of Schizophrenia along with its diagnostic criteria and other methods for its diagnosis. Owing to the seriousness of this disorder, a great deal of research is being done currently, to identify and study the various causal factors that may lead to Schizophrenia. Also, a lot of efforts are being put in to find the most appropriate of treatment measures in the form of both, pharmacological and non-pharmacological approaches (Bengston, 2006).

Throughout history, the concept of this disorder has bewildered many and continues to do it till date. Primarily being a psychological disorder in nature, Schizophrenia leads to various impairments in the efficient neurological functioning of an individual, making it a neuropsychological disorder. Keeping in mind the many misconceptions associated with this disorder and its rapidly increasing prevalence, I chose to study this order to obtain a better insight of its various dimensions.

Signs and Symptoms

The onset of schizophrenia brings with itself various signs and symptoms which appear before the surfacing of the primary symptoms. This supports in its early identification and diagnosis of this disorder. Some of these signs and symptoms include a laid back and an unmotivated attitude in the initial phases. Also, a person may begin to experience difficulties in his interpersonal functioning and may become socially withdrawn or socially isolated.

Other prominent signs and symptoms of Schizophrenia include; an increased level of suspiciousness (paranoia), limited range of emotions, lack of motivation, behavioral problems, disturbed sleep pattern, disturbed beliefs and other problems in maintaining personal hygiene and an appropriate physical appearance. All of these warning signs may not appear altogether, however, their presence should be a cause of concern (Grohol, 2013).

Diagnostic Criteria

According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health (DSM IV - TR), the diagnostic criteria of Schizophrenia include the presence of positive and negative symptoms. The presence of these symptoms should be for at least one to six months in duration. The positive symptoms of its diagnostic criteria include the presence of delusions, hallucinations, disorganized behavior and disorganized speech. On the other hand, the negative symptoms refer to an individual's loss of motivation and restricted emotions. All of these symptoms lead to impairment in one's social and interpersonal functioning; however, these impairments should not be the result of substance or drug abuse or any other general medical condition (dnalc.org, 2000).

Discussion

Schizophrenia is a widespread and a life-long condition with poor prognosis. In most of the cases, it is merely treated to bring the symptoms under control as its sure is ...