EARLY SOCIALIZATION

Early Socialization

Early Socialization

Q1)

Classical conditioning

Classical conditioning (also called conditioning respondent) was introduced by I.Pavlov. It comes from the association between stimuli (that is to say, phenomena from the environment that will stimulate the body) and the automatic reactions of the body (this is important). For Pavlov, the set of complex behaviors could be reduced to chains of conditioned behavior. The neutral stimulus (NS), which does not trigger a response or a neutral response (NR), is associated with the unconditioned stimulus (SI)-occurred at random, without learning - which triggers an unconditioned response (IR) (Kail, 2006). It occurs automatically in the form of emotion (eg crying when we step on the foot) or reflex (salivate when you see a chocolate eclair). The neutral stimulus is also present (eg a bell tone ten seconds before the arrival of the chocolate eclair) without the subject should first make a link between the SN and SI. The conditioned stimulus (CS) that is causing the neutral stimulus (NS), triggers the same response as the unconditioned stimulus (now when I hear a bell sound, because I think I spit the chocolate eclair I associate, as usual, the sound of the bell). This is called conditional response (CR) to describe the response associated with a conditioned stimulus.

Pavlovian learning has five variables: The first is the neutral stimulus (NS), stimuli that triggers, at first, no reflex, no response or who does not trigger the desired response. The second is the unconditioned stimulus (IS) (or unconditioned stimulus), a stimulus that triggers a response (unconditional) reflexively, without learning necessary. The third is the unconditional response (IR) (or unconditioned response), response triggered by a stimulus (unconditional) reflexively, without learning necessary. It can manifest itself in the form of emotion or reaction. After conditioning, the fourth variant is the conditioned stimulus (CS) (or conditioned stimulus), an initially neutral stimulus that eventually trigger a conditioned response (CR) when it was associated with an unconditioned stimulus (IS). The fifth and last alternative is the conditional response (or conditioned response), a response triggered by a conditioned stimulus when it was associated with an unconditioned stimulus (and therefore the unconditioned response). So it changes perceptions

The famous "Pavlov's dog" was a leading participant in the canine experiments on conditioned stimulus. Pavlol, scientist of the early twentieth century, was researching the salivation of dogs. He noticed that a dog who was returning in the research laboratory after several times, began to salivate before even be fed. The dog salivating just to see the room or flat in which they put the food. Pavlov gave the name to this phenomenon of conditioned reflex. Subsequently, Pavlov presented food to another dog. In the words preceding the SI was always food that caused the salivation of the dog (RI). But this time, the researcher began to ring a bell (SN) every time he prepared to serve him his meal. After a short time, he realized that the dog salivating (CR) as soon as he heard the bell (CS), even if he did not ...