DNA SEQUENCING

How and why Fossils relevant in an age of DNA sequencing?

How and why Fossils relevant in an age of DNA sequencing?

Introduction

All human beings today are categorized as Homo sapiens. Our genus of humans initially started to evolve almost 200,000 years back in alliance with technologies not dissimilar those of the premature Neandertals. However, now it is obvious that premature Homo sapiens, or contemporary humans, did not arrive later than the Neandertals except were their equals. Though, it is probable that both Neandertals and modern humans originated from Homo heidelbergensis. In comparison with the Neandertals and later ancient humans, contemporary humans usually have more fragile skeletons. The skulls were more smoothed and their brow edge generally obtrudes much less. Also, they had comparatively pointed chins and high foreheads. The initial fossils of premature contemporary humans to be recognized were discovered at the 27,000 year old Cro-Magnon rock shelter place close to the rural community of Les Eyzies in 1868 in south western France.  They were afterwards titled as the CroMagnon people.  They were pretty much alike in appearance to contemporary Europeans.  Men were five feet four inches to six feet tall which was four to twelve inches taller than Neandertals.  Their musculature and skeletons usually were less enormous than the Neandertals.  The CroMagnon had wide, little faces with high foreheads and pointed chins.  Their cranial abilities were equal to 1590 cm3, which is comparatively great even for individuals nowadays (Golenberg, 2009, pp.657). 

Discussion

Genesis of Modern Humans

Recent data propose that contemporary humans evolved from ancient humans first and foremost in East Africa.  A fossil that was 195,000 year aged from the Omo one location in Ethiopia exhibits the startings of the skull changes that we connect with contemporary people, counting a prognostic chin and perhaps a rounded skull case.  Another 160,000 year aged skull from the site of Herto in Ethiopia also appears to be at the premature stages of this changeover.  It had the case of rounded skull but kept hold of the big brow edges of ancient humans.  Somewhat further advanced changeover forms have been discovered in Tanzania dating to around 120,000 years back. Early contemporary humans by 115,000 years had extended their range to Southwest Asia and to South Africa as well (Kim, 2001, pp.215). Soon later than 100,000 years back, there is no dependable evidence of contemporary humans somewhere else in the Ancient World till 60,000 years ago, all through a short moderate period in the middle of the preceding ice age.

It appeared from these dates that the site of early contemporary Homo sapiens development and the direction of their dispersal from that area are clear. However, that is not the case.  Ever since 1980's, there are two primary opposing models that try to elucidate contemporary human evolution i.e. the regional continuity model and the replacement model.

Peter Andrews and Christopher Stringer's replacement model suggests that contemporary humans evolved from ancient humans 200,000 years back just in Africa and after that few of them wanderred into the rest of the World substituting all of the Neandertals and also the late ancient humans starting around 60,000 years back. If this elucidation of the fossil record ...