CRIMINAL JUSTICE

Criminal Justice Management and Administration

Criminal Justice Management & Administration

Introduction

America's law enforcement is faced with challenges of managing the culturally and spiritually diverse population. With advent of loopholes and courtroom technicalities, field officers have to follow book in every aspect in order for bad guy to actually see some jail time. There are many procedures to follow, and we would like to discuss three of those very important areas.

An interrogation or interview of an accused suspect is often the tool utilized by law enforcement to obtain the confession. There are many methods used by police investigators in attempts to obtain the confession during an interrogation. The foundation of interrogations, in my opinion, aimed at finding truth. There are certain limitations in determining whether confession obtained was voluntary.

The Criminal Justice System, a system the government set up to deal with the treatment of law-breakers, has three main goals to achieve social order, these are, (1) enforcing criminal law, (2) maintaining law and order in the society, and (3) helping victims. This may seem to be a well thought of system, but like any other organization, there are flaws, and one of the major flaws is discrimination, and the bias that stems from discrimination. Discrimination on the basis of class, gender, sexuality and ethnicity operates at the level of attitude, on the street, in the home, at the workplace or at social venues.

Black people find themselves subject to rules made for them by white people, it is also the same for other groups living in the same culture, and e.g. it seems to be men that make the rules for the women in society, even though this seems to be changing in the United States. Foreign-born people often have their rules made for them by the Protestant Anglo-Saxon minority (Dean 2002). There are many models proposed within the criminology field that focus on the issue of discrimination. Conflict theory sees societies comprised of groups with conflicting values and interests. There is seen to be a link between power and crime, the more powerful you are, the least likely to be committing a crime, so the lower classes are discriminated here as they don t have the same power a middle-class or upper-class businessman might have therefore they are labeled to be trouble-makers, they are treated harsher by the criminal justice system than their peers, but the lower class is seen more favorably than ethnic minorities, especially ethnic groups that have less power than them.

There is a model of justice which discusses discrimination known as the group justice model; this was identified by (Spohn 2000). This model is used by the Race Relations Act (1976) and the Sex Discrimination Act (1975) (Spohn 2000). These use the concept of indirect discrimination which means that it is concerned with the outcomes for groups resulting from the application of a rule or principle. The fact that police stop and search particular people can be justifiable in terms of results ...