Cloning: Ethical and Legal Perspectives

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Cloning: Ethical and Legal Perspectives

Introduction

Cloning is an umbrella term for processes of duplication of genetic material, either animal or human. Scientists refer to a clone as a group of two or more cells or organisms with identical genetic information derived from a single cell or organism. Clones natural result of asexual reproduction in bacteria, plants and animals, and are deliberately produced by a variety of technical strategies. The reports of the media and public debate on cloning, the term usually refers to artificial light instead of natural clones, and the term is used primarily to refer to the person who has been obtained by a procedure cloning (not the father). The clone is a popular stereotype of the same age, a copy of the similarity of a single mother (Svenaeus, 2007).

The debates on cloning to provide the opportunity to observe the social aspects of a new technical option. Research on how cloning is in these discussions has shown that in the years following the announcement of the first cloned mammal, Dolly the sheep famous, the prospect of human cloning has moved from science fiction to scientific practice, while , has become particularly controversial. Media scholars and social scientists refer to the frames and discursive strategies that shape the debates and how discussion of a particular technique is related to general expectations about the role of science in a democratic society . This entry discusses the techno-scientific progress and the media and public debate in both animals and human cloning.

Ethical Constraints in Cloning

The biological process of reproducing populations of species, which are genetically identical, by means of creating replicas of the DNA fragments, cells or organisms id known as cloning. There are two major types of cloning; Cellular Cloning and Organism Cloning. Each of these two categories has different categories or types. This paper aims to focus on cloning and ethical issues that are associated with the process and its impacts. It all began on February 27, 1997 in Scotland. In the magazine "Nature" is published an article about the birth of Dolly, the lamb that is a clone of the six sheep. Dolly was born without the ram. The event attracted a shock, a sensation that aroused any possible concerns. Ethical and political authorities in the United States and Europe, expressing concern, appealed for a ban on human cloning in January, 1998 (Spriggs, 2003).

Moral evaluation of human cloning may be subjected to the same technique or its application. Cloning can be regarded as neutral, worthy of praise or condemnation regardless of the motives and the expected or actual consequences. Applications of cloning are divided into two types: the use of reproductive health, which seek to obtain offspring, and therapeutic applications in the detection of diseases, prevention and combating them. The biggest ethical problem would create such a situation, when the embryos produced by clones of an adult-only to that in the event of his illness to transplant. This is called "therapeutic ...