Causes and Effects of Breast Cancer

Most of the time, breast cancer usually begins with a painless lump in the breast or armpit. Research has found a group of risk factors, or circumstances that make a person more likely to develop the tumor. Breast cancer is the uncontrolled growth of cells in tissue malignant breast . There are two main types of breast cancer, ductal carcinoma, the most common, which begins in the ducts that carry milk from the breast to the nipple and lobular carcinoma starts in parts of the breast, called lobules, that produce milk mother(van Putten et al. , p. 159-164) .

The main risk factors for breast cancer include advanced age, the first menstruation at an early age, older at the time of the first birth or never having given birth, family history of breast cancer, the act of consuming hormones such as estrogen and progesterone, consuming liquor and be white . Between 5-10% of cases, breast cancer is caused by inherited gene mutations.

To detect breast cancer, using different tests such as mammography, breast ultrasound transducers with high resolution (ultrasound), a test of estrogen and progesterone receptors or imaging MRI . The diagnosis of breast cancer can only be taken as final by a biopsy breast. It is ideal to or aspiration needle biopsy, fine needle with cutting gun, these guided by ultrasound or MRI biopsy or by use of cutting equipment and vacuum, which are capable of removing the lesion partially or completely, as appropriate. These can be guided by stereotaxy (guided mammographic image coordinates) or ultrasound. If not possible, you can do incisional biopsy (removal of the mass) or excisional (removing the entire mass), this can alter the tumor stage. Using ultrasound, there are new techniques that may suggest malignancy, such as Doppler, 3D or multislice elastougrafia, but all must be evaluated and only taken a definitive diagnosis by biopsy. Obviously, for all imaging methods, there are characterizations of what can be cancer or not, for which, using the BI-RADS, to decide the behavior according to that classification (Woods et al, p. 77-84).

Today, breast cancer, other forms of cancer , is considered the result of damage to the DNA . This damage comes from many factors known or assumed (such as exposure to ionizing radiation). Some factors such as exposure to estrogen leads to an increased mutation rate, while other factors such as oncogenes BRCA1, BRCA2, and p53 ...