Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar Disorder



Abstract

The below paper talks about in detail the various aspects of bipolar disorder. These aspects implications on the human life, how actually the disease of bipolar disorder the daily routine of life. The report aslo covers the initiation, identifcation, medication, causes and sympotoms of bipolar disorder.

Table of Content

1. Introduction4

2. Causes4

3. Symptoms5

4. Genetic Research6

5. Research in the comparison of efficiency treatment..........6

5. Conclusion...22

Introduction

Bipolar disorder (between two opposite poles) or manic-depression is a mood disorder characterized by mood swings between two opposite extremes, alternating between major periods of mania (exaggerated euphoria, irritability) to depression (sadness , despair), with periods of normal mood in between. Unlike normal mood states of happiness and sadness, symptoms of manic-depressive illness can be severe and life-threatening risk. Often, patients do not realize that bipolar disorder, nor relatives or friends. Sometimes the effects of this disease have been trivialized and considered in some way, as beneficial for artistic creativity, to have been suffered by artists and creative people in general. However, for those affected by the disease, it is extremely distressing and disruptive. The disease is classified according to their symptoms in bipolar I, bipolar II and cyclothymiacs disorder (American Psychiatric Association, 2000).

Causes

No cause itself may explain the bipolar disorder. However, studies of the brain with magnetic resonance techniques reveal that in bipolar disorder tend to be abnormalities in the hippocampus (the left is much larger than the right). The levels of dopamine and serotonin, two neurotransmitters, are also associated with this disorder. Although not all cases are family members, it appears that genetic factors play a role in 60% of cases of bipolar disorder, and more than a genetic defect appears to be necessary to trigger the disease (Akiskal, 2005).

Symptoms

After major depression and dysthymic disorder, bipolar disorder is in third place by the frequency that occurs, affecting nearly 2% of adults. Symptoms typically begin during adolescence or early adulthood, and continue to repeat throughout life and include fatigue, loss of energy, sadness, and insomnia or other sleep disorders, body weight changes, decreased concentration and decision-making power, guilt, pessimism, hopelessness, low self-esteem and suicidal thoughts. The manic phase usually comes suddenly and follows a phase of severe depression. It is characterized by: distraction (the most common symptom) and inability to concentrate on tasks for long periods of time, disconnected thoughts, grandiose ideas, hallucinations, verbosity (talk too much), hyperactivity, feelings of omnipotence and extreme irritability. Men and women are equally likely to develop this disease, which can be disabling. The consequences of getting it can be devastating, and is often complicated by alcohol abuse and / or drugs. Without effective treatment, bipolar illness leads to suicide in a high number of cases.

Genetic Research

Data from family studies, studies of twins and adoption have shown an unequivocally the involvement of factors trouble the occurrence of genetic disorder bipolar. The research has benefited from advances joint molecular genetics and Genetic Epidemiology, but faces obstacles (Clinique, barriers such as heterogeneity etiological and genetic) disease and transmission ignorance of the mode of ...