Type 2 diabetes



Type 2 diabetes

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes  is a chronic disease that may affect carbohydrate metabolism with the development of insulin resistance and hyperglycemia vsledsvie secretary dysfunction of beta cells, and lipid metabolism with the development of atherosclerosis. Since the main cause of death and disability in patients are systemic complications of atherosclerosis, type 2 diabetes is sometimes called cardiovascular disease. Diabetes is a disorder of assimilation, use and storage of sugars provided by the diet. This translates into a rate of glucose in the blood (also called glucose) level: we speak of hyperglycemia.

Subjective information

Foods are composed of lipids (fats), proteins (such as meat) and carbohydrates (sugars, starches). They are the ones who provide most of the energy needed by the body to function, pass into the intestine, and then join the bloodstream. When you eat, blood sugar in the blood increases, carbohydrates are transformed essentially glucose. The pancreas detects the increase in blood glucose. The pancreatic beta cells, grouped in clusters called islets of Langerhans secrete insulin. Insulin allows glucose to enter the cells of the body: muscles, fat, and liver where it will be processed and stored and blood sugar may increase slightly, then return to a normal rate and glucose to be converted into reserves and energy. In people with diabetes, this system does not work.

Characterization

It is also known as diabetes fat or maturity, non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a metabolic disease characterized by a chronic excess of blood sugar (hyperglycemia).

The regulation of blood sugar (glucose) in the body involves:

Intake of sugar (mainly food);

Manufacturing 'internal' sugar (mainly the liver);

The peripheral utilization of sugar in the cells: insulin, a hormone made ??by the pancreas, the cells can then captures and uses glucose.

In NIDDM, there is poor control of the system, most often with a state of insulin resistance: to maintain a constant blood sugar, the body needs more insulin, as it becomes less effective. Eventually, even large amounts of insulin are no longer sufficient to use circulating glucose that accumulates in the blood is hyperglycemia. Eventually, the pancreas gets tired of the constant stimulation and can then no longer make enough insulin. These mechanisms of insulin resistance particularly affect people who are overweight.

Causes and risk factors

NIDDM is a very common disease that affects more than a million and a half people in France, and is increasing. It represents about 85% of all diabetes, and affects both men and women.

The diagnosis of NIDDM is usually around 40-50 years, but the age of onset is earlier.

There is no single causal factor of the ...