The Prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes in Bangladesh: A Literature Review

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my gratitude to research coordinator, colleagues, family and friends for their relentless support and guidance, without them I would not be able to deliver this work.

DECLARATION

I, (Your name), would like to declare that all contents included in this dissertation stand for my individual work without any aid, and this dissertation has not been submitted for any examination at academic as well as professional level, previously. It is also representing my very own views and not essentially those that are associated with the university.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTII

DECLARATIONIII

CHAPTER 4: LITERATURE REVIEW1

4.1 Introduction1

4.2 Type -2 Diabetes Mellitus1

4.3 Literature Review2

4.4 Diabetes in Bangladesh5

4.5 Hypotheses7

4.6 Global Increased Prevalence of Type -2 Diabetes7

4.7 Urbanization, Soci-economic Status and Prevalence of Type -2Diabetes8

4.8 Themes9

4.9 Research Questions9

4.10 Rationale of the Research10

4.11 Summary10

CHAPTER 5: RESULTS12

5.1 Diabetes and Impaired Fasting Glycemia in a Rural Population of Bangladesh12

5.2 Prevalence and Risk Factors of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Among Secretariat Employees of Bangladesh14

5.3 Prevalence and risk factors of Type 2 diabetes in an urbanizing rural community of Bangladesh15

5.4 Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus and its Associated Risk Indicators in a Rural Bangladeshi Population16

5.5 Effects of Socio-Demographic Covariates on Blood Glucose Level of the Diabetic Patients: A Multiple Classification Analysis (MCA)18

5.6 Type 2 diabetes and impaired fasting blood glucose in rural Bangladesh: a population based study18

CHAPTER 6: ANALYSIS20

6.1 Introduction20

6.2 Main Themes20

Weight20

Physical activities21

The Prevalence Of Type 2 Diabetes In Bangladesh23

Hyperglycemia and Cardiovascular23

CHAPTER 7: DISCUSSION26

CHPATER 8: CONCLUSION31

8.1 Conclusion31

8.2 Aetiology35

8.3 Types of diabetes35

8.3.1 Type 1 diabetes35

8.3.2 Type 2 Diabetes36

8.3.4 Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes36

8.4 Complications of Diabetes37

8.4.1 Heart Failure38

8.4.2 Diabetic Neuropathy38

8.4.3 Eye Involvement38

8.4.4 Diabetic Nephropathy38

8.4.5 Oral Health38

8.5 Prevention of Complications39

8.6 T-Regulatory Cells40

8. 7 Type -2 Diabetes in Bangladesh40

CHAPTER 9: RECOMMENDATIONS42

9.1 Practical Implications and Recommendations42

9.2 Measuring Standards of Care44

REFERENCES46

CHAPTER 4: LITERATURE REVIEW

4.1 Introduction

This chapter will mainly be focusing on the prior researches and the results founded from those studies. In throughout this chapter literature review will be done along with highlighting the operational definitions .

4.2 Type -2 Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes mellitus is a syndrome that is expressed by genetically determined familial condition in which the subject may have:

Changes in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats and proteins.

Relative or absolute deficiency in insulin secretion.

Resistance to varying degrees of insulin.

Unfortunately, diabetes mellitus is not only the elevation of glucose but is a complex syndrome that must be approached from a holistic point of view due to acute and chronic effects often experienced by individuals who have it.

There are many classifications, the most accepted made by the Expert Committee on the Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Mellitus issued in 1997, which divides into two main types regardless of age of onset: diabetes mellitus type 1 (DM 1) and diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM 2), in the latter includes more than 90% of all diabetics, why describe here only the particular type 2 diabetes mellitus and its management in primary care (outpatients who do not requiring hospitalization). The morbidity of diabetes mellitus in developed countries has shown an ...