Socialization and Exercise in the Elderly and how it Effects Cognitive Functions

[Name of the Institute]Socialization and Exercise in the Elderly and how it Effects Cognitive Functions

Introduction

Physical exercise has been regarded as a useful non-pharmacological intervention strategy, capable of improving memory and executive roles in older folks having mild cognitive weakening. The widely accepted current diagnostic algorithm for this particular neurological disorder di?erentiates two main subtypes of mild cognitive impairment. Both subtypes can a?ect one single or multiple domains (language, executive function, visuospatial skills, etc.). It is known that not all patients with mild cognitive impairment deteriorate to dementia, and some of them even appear to improve over time. However, as an early pathological condition, mild cognitive impairment has su?cient speci?city to lead to more severe dementing disorders. A recent meta-analysis showed that patients with mild cognitive impairment progress towards dementia rating approximately 10% per year and it is estimated that approximately 15% of them develop Alzheimer's disease every year.

It is because of this, researchers have become deeply interested both in identifying mild cognitive impairment risk factors (which help them to elaborate prevention therapies), and in developing new rehabilitation strategies which both reduce treatment costs and have positive e?ects on the illness. Aging is the moment of failure, which reveals the structure of personality pathology: for example, a narcissistic disorder, until then somewhat camouflaged, can explode right in old age. The paintings of mental disorders in old age, imbued with content, and this explains person logical the extreme variability of the content of symptoms, shaped by the personality structure individual. It is also true that their psychopathology often occurs with smaller paintings, hidden, integrated positioned in its existential senile enough to be easily overlooked, underestimated, not interpreted as a pathological condition, but as a way of being elderly. The most fundamental problem, is certainly part of the psychopathology of depression, is favoured and fragility of the noradrenergic and serotonergic systems, and the presence of physical illnesses that may favour secondary depressions, both from the "loss" that was first mentioned. It can; therefore, be considered "normal" the presence of elements of depression in old age: accumulate feelings of frustration and exclusion of responses that involve killing, inhibiting, of avoidance. Depression in older, however, underestimated because its symptoms are mistaken for normal cognitive structure of the modern age, or to somatic pathology or involution for dementia In this regard, it has been stated that exercise could modify the risk factors and pathological mechanisms associated with cognitive impairment and it might even delay its onset. Exercise-induced hypertrophy of the hippocampus (which would protect from neuronal degeneration), and exercise-induced production of growth factors (which would enhance neurogenesis) seem to be responsible for the aforementioned positive e?ects. Although several studies have shown that exercise has bene?cial e?ects on mild cognitive impairment, no speci?c parameters for an appropriate prescription in these populations have so far been established. This is especially evident concerning the duration, intensity and type of activity.

Discussion

For instance, although aerobic training has been shown to ...