RISK MANAGEMENT CYCLE

Risk Management Cycle

Risk Management Cycle

Risk management has attracted attention during the 1990's as one of the activities that can make rural life more stable. Risk is high in the more marginal and uncertainty among the population of nomadic pastoralists, and its management is a prerequisite for the survival of households and groups. The shepherds were at particularly high risk in the former centrally-planned economy into a period of economic liberalization. There are still government assumed responsibility for most of the risks, the protection of pastoral life through a series of economic and social measures, but suddenly stopped doing so in the framework of economic reforms adopted since 1989. Herders in these countries were bearing the economic and environmental cost of risk almost overnight.

Rural Institutions and Participation Service (SDAR) of FAO, funded by two projects of TCP, with support from other technical units of FAO and the Institute of Development Studies at the University of Sussex (IDS), supported by the 1995-2003 design and promotion of the pastoral risk management strategy for rural Mongolia.4 Key parts of this strategy have been incorporated into public policies, as well as in projects financed by IFAD, the World Bank and UNDP in particular. Work initially with the support of the FAO / SDAR thus encourage geographic spread and institutionalization of pastoral risk management in Mongolia. SDAR also did comparative work on pastoral risk in Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Qinghai, China. 5 The purpose of this study is to identify more precisely how far the risk management agenda designed originally two FAO / TCP projects in Mongolia has been implemented, what specific institutional reforms, it is urged, as the agenda itself has developed and changed, and what determined its successes and failure.

The goal is to document some of the institutional and political aspects of pastoral risk management strategies, some of the results of such a strategy can be achieved, and ideas about its further development. This report is not exhaustive. It does not cover all aspects of pastoral risk management and all key actors (such as innovative programs of USAID in the Gobi barely covered, nor those of several non-governmental organizations), but it followed the adoption of key concepts and risk management practices of the Mongolian government and major donors. In particular, the report stresses the institutional aspects of risk management because they are often underestimated, resulting in the most technically sophisticated and brilliant schemes sometimes serious mistakes.

ASTORAL RISK IN MONGOLIA

Sources Pastoral Risk

There are many sources of risk and uncertainty in the Mongolian pastoral economy. Most important from the point of view of reindeer: Snow disaster. Snow disasters (Zud in the Mongolian language) took the majority of reindeer herders, the most important risk factor. Heavy Zud could kill several million animals. Mongolian Meteorological Service determines Zud as snow over 25 cm, a sudden snowstorm long, 2-3 cm of frozen snow, extreme cold or long. Herders have a rich vocabulary to describe and analyze ...