Review of Literature: Living with Ulcerative Colitis as Single Parent



Abstract

This paper focuses on the literature review of the topic “Living with Ulcerative Colitis as Single Parent”. Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a condition that affects the large intestine - the rectum and colon. It may affect only a part of the large intestine, or the entire colon and rectum. Rarely, it may affect the last part of the small intestine, called the ileum.

Table of Contents

Abstract2

Introduction4

The Course of Ulcerative colitis (UC)5

Mild Form of the Disease (50% of Patients)5

Moderate Form of the Disease (30% of Patients)5

A Severe Form of Disease (20% of Patients)5

Surgical Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis (UC)6

Surgical Treatment6

New Methods of Treatment during the Study7

Treatment with naltrexone7

Treatment with Bupropion7

Intestinal Reservoir Called the J-Pouch8

References9

Review of Literature: Living with Ulcerative Colitis as Single Parent

Introduction

Ulcerative colitis is one in inflammatory disease of the colon (large intestine) and rectum (IBD, inflammatory bowel disease). It is characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the lining of the colon. Typical symptoms include diarrhea (sometimes bloody) and often abdominal pain. The definitive diagnosis is established by lower endoscopy (colonoscopy) with biopsy. Gastroenterologists are specialists who often diagnose and treat this disease (Hayashi & Nakamura et al, 2008).

This disease may also be known as Idiopathic Chronic Ulcerative Colitis or SITC. It is a chronic, but can be kept in remission for long periods. It may be activity and inactivity. These periods can be recognized as outbreaks (activity) or periods of tranquility (inactivity). Other IBD may be the Crohn's disease and indeterminate colitis. Some sources cite it as an autoimmune disease, meaning it is caused by antibodies produced by our own body, which react against damaging. Its specific cause is not well described.

Ulcerative colitis is a nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease of unexplained etiology. Certain diseases affect the growth factors are:

Genetic - testifies to the family history. It was found several genes of susceptibility to disease - they lie on chromosomes 3, 7, 12 and 16

Environmental - There is a correlation between the mental state of patients (such as trauma, and abnormal response to stress) and the occurrence of the disease. In addition, bacterial flora in people with ulcerative colitis differs qualitatively and quantitatively from the flora of those in healthy subjects, but it is unknown whether this is a cause or rather the result of the disease. The special effects are some strains of Escherichia coli and Bacteroides vulgates (Hayashi & Nakamura et al, 2008). The case-control studies found that people cut out the appendix before age 20 suffer less. In recent years there have been meta-analysis reporting on the increased risk of disease in people who do not smoke or stop smoking cigarettes while smoking may reduce the symptoms.

Immunological - increased activation of T lymphocytes CD4 +. They produce large amounts of cytokines , which determine the further course of the immune response .Subpopulation dominates Th2 lymphocytes, producing interleukin (IL) 4 , 5 , 6 , 10(responsible for humoral type response with increased synthesis of antibodies ).Particularly adversely affected by pro-inflammatory cytokines - TNF-a , IL-1ß, IL-8, IL-12. In ulcerative colitis are the advantages of an anti-inflammatory cytokines - IL-1ra, IL-4, IL-10, and IL13 (Cappel & Turkieh, 2008). Other mediators of inflammation in the intestines are leukotrienes (particularly leukotriene B4), platelet-activating factor (PAF) and oxygen ...