Semiconductors are among the most complex products manufactured today. That fact, in combination with the pace of change in the industry and the inherent difficulties in managing dynamic production environments, leads to up-anddown performance. After all, the need to produce a portfolio of different products, each of which requires a different amount of time or resources for production, inevitably creates inefficiencies, which result in financial losses. These losses can arise either from a drop in the utilization level of expensive labor and equipment or by an increase in lead times1 as material waits in queues (Pecht & Radojcic, 1998). Traditional methods ...