PUERTO RICO

Health Care Puerto Rico

Table of Contents

Health Care Puerto Rico3

Introduction3

Discussion3

Major Assumptions4

The 12 Domains10

Application to Theory, Research, Practice, and Administration13

Practice13

Education14

Administration14

National Health Plans and Policies15

Research17

Further Development18

References19

Health Care Puerto Rico

Introduction

Puerto Rico is a commonwealth associated with the United States of America. Since 1992, the Government of Puerto Rico has established a new public policy and strategies relating to health. The Ongoing Health Study is a field study that gathers statistical data on hospitalization, physician and dentist visits, acute and chronic morbidity, and days of restricted activity. The sample of dwellings used is a subsample of the group of workers of the Statistics Division of the Department of Labor and Human Resources. The population under study consists of noninstitutionalized civilians in Puerto Rico.

The Ongoing Health Study estimated that the incidence of acute morbidity in 1992 was 4.5 million episodes with the highest numbers in diseases of the respiratory system (55.8 episodes per 100 population). The most frequent respiratory disorders were the common cold and influenza (39.7 per 100 people), other diseases of the respiratory system (10.7), and acute bronchitis (3.2). A study of the prevalence of chronic disorders found 737,435 episodes of acute respiratory disease (20.7 per 100 people) in 1992. The most frequent were asthma (309,403 episodes) and respiratory allergies (234,596 episodes).

Discussion

The Purnell Model for Puerto Rico Puerto Rico cultural Competence started as an organizing framework for student nurses to use as a clinical assessment tool. The following year, a schematic, the metaparadigm concepts, and the Puerto Rico cultural competence scale were added. Because the model has a schematic combined with an organizing framework and because it is applicable to all health care disciplines in all practice settings, (Hage 1972) it has been classified by some nurse theorists as complexity and holographic theory. The intention of the textbook, trans-cultural Health Care: A culturally Competent Approach (1998), which contains chapters on 27 Puerto Rico cultural groups, was to provide general and Puerto Rico cultural specific knowledge.

Major Assumptions

The assumptions are developed from a broad perspective, allowing their use across practice disciplines and environmental contexts. APuerto Rico culturally competent health care provider develops an awareness of his or her existence, sensations, thoughts, and environment without letting these factors have an undue effect on those for whom care is provided.

Puerto Rico cultural competence is the adaptation of care in a manner that is consistent with the culture of the client and is therefore a conscious process and nonlinear. The major assumptions follow.

All health care professions need similar information about Puerto Rico cultural diversity.

All health care professions share the metaparadigm concepts of global society, community, family, person, and health.

One culture is not better than another culture; they are just different.

All cultures share core similarities.

Differences exist among, between, and within cultures.

Cultures change slowly over time in a stable society.

The primary and secondary characteristics of culture determine the degree to which one varies from the dominant culture. (Purnell 2008)

If clients are co-participants in care and have a choice in health-related goals, plans, and interventions, health outcomes will be ...