Personal Training Case Study

Personal training case study

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Introduction

People participate in physical exercise to improve general health, performance-related fitness for a particular sport, and/or for recreation and relaxation. Improved fitness results from adaptation and improvement of cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic function as well as local responses in the muscle groups engaged. The nature and magnitude of training effect are influenced by the frequency, duration and intensity of exercise (Weidong et al 2010). The process of determining and controlling appropriate exercise intensity presents a challenge, which has implications related to both physiological changes and to individual compliance within an exercise programme.

Exercise is a single acute bout of bodily exertion or muscular activity that requires an expenditure of energy above resting level and generally planned and structured to improve or maintain one or more components of physical fitness. The term physical activity generally connotes movement in which the goal (often to sustain daily living or recreation) is varying from physical fitness, but which also requires the expenditure of energy and often provides health-related benefits. For instance, walking to school or work is physical activity; walking around a track at a predetermined heart rate is exercise. However, from a physiological standpoint both bring about changes (both acute and chronic). Therefore, the terms exercise and physical activity are used interchangeably. Where the amount of exercise can actually be measured, the terms workload and work rate may also be used. Exercise disrupts the homeostatic state or dynamic equilibrium of the body (Astrand 2003). These homeostatic disruptions or changes represent the body's response to exercise. An exercise response is the pattern of change that physiological variables present during a single acute bout of physical exertion. A physiological variable is any measure of bodily function that changes or varies under different circumstances. Heart rate is a variable with which already familiar. One probably also knows that heart rate increases during exercise. However, to state simply that heart rate increases during exercise does not describe the full pattern allow response. For example, the heart rate response to a 400-meter sprint is different from the heart rate response to a 50-m bike ride. To fully describe the response of heart rate or any other variable, we must first have more Information about the exercise itself. Three factors need to be considered to determine or describe the acute response to exercise: the exercise modality, the exercise intensity, and the exercise duration.

Exercise modality or mode is the type of activity or the particular sport. For example, rowing has a very different effect on the cardiovascular respiratory system than does the football. The modes are often categorized by the type of energy demand such as aerobic or anaerobic, the major muscle action such as continuous and rhythmical activities like jumping, sprinting, and weightlifting. Thus, when one is trying to determine the effects of exercise on a particular variable, he must know what type of exercise is being performed. Exercise intensity is most easily described like maximal or sub ...