Office Whitening Efficacy with Different Concentrations of Hydrogen Peroxide

By

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

My thanks go out to all who have helped me complete this study and with whom this project may have not been possible. In particular, my gratitude goes out to friends, facilitator and family for extensive and helpful comments on early drafts. I am also deeply indebted to the authors who have shared my interest and preceded me. Their works provided me with a host of information to learn from and build upon, also served as examples to emulate.

DECLARATION

I [type your full first names & surname here], declare that the following dissertation and its entire content has been an individual, unaided effort and has not been published or submitted before. Furthermore, it reflects my opinion and take on the topic and is does not represent the opinion of the University.

Signature:

Dated:

ABSTRACT

This research study is an attempt to assess the efficacy of the different concentrations of hydrogen peroxide in office whitening. Tooth whitening has been one of most appealing and common cosmetic dental treatments in recent years. Dentists, researchers and patients have been looking for faster, more predictable and efficient ways to undergo whitening procedures. This research study has adopted an experimental approach in order to assess the efficacy of the concentrations of the hydrogen peroxide and to measure the shades of the teeth. The experiment included 20 participants and these participants were divided in to two groups. During this research study, it was observed that the professional whitening applied substance, which is based on hydrogen peroxide; it turns out completely different method of bleaching. Teeth are whitened without injury to the enamel. But the higher concentration of hydrogen peroxide is harmful for the teeth. It was also observed that 35 percent of hydrogen peroxide increased the sensitivity of the patients significantly. Whereas, 10 percent of hydrogen peroxide makes the teeth sensitive but they are not as much sensitive as the patients who were tested with the 35 percent of hydrogen peroxide concentration. Professional whitening can lighten the colour of your teeth strong for a short time, and this effect may persist for many years. Dark-brown teeth are easily converted into light-and-white. It is observed that a similar affect cannot be achieved with toothpaste, even if they are used for years. But the use of hydrogen peroxide does damage the enamel badly.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTII

DECLARATIONIII

ABSTRACTIV

CHAPTER 01: INTRODUCTION1

1.1. Background of the Study1

1.2. Purpose of the Study3

1.3. Aims and Objectives3

1.4. Research Questions4

1.5. Significance of the Study4

1.6. Layout of the Dissertation4

CHAPTER 02: LITERATURE REVIEW6

2.1. Office Whitening6

2.2. Methods of Bleaching Teeth9

2.2.1. Home Bleaching9

2.2.2. Office Bleaching10

2.3. Negative Side-effects of Bleaching12

2.4. Chemical Breakdown of Bleaching Products12

2.5. Effect of whitening on composite samples13

2.6. Tooth Structure and Discoloration14

2.7. Mechanism of Adhesion of Composite to Enamel15

2.8. Bleaching Effects on the Bond Strength of Composite to Enamel15

2.9. Theories on Decreased Bond Strength after Bleaching18

CHAPTER 03: RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY21

3.1. Description of Method21

3.2. Experimental Research21

3.4. Literature Search22

3.5. Literature Selection Criteria23

3.6. Theoretical Framework23

3.7. Description of Method23

3.8. Search Terms23

3.9. Databases24

3.10. Data analysis24

3.11. Inclusion and Exclusion ...