NEPHRITIC SYNDROME

Nephritic Syndrome

Nephritic Syndrome

Incidence

One of the child which is of 14 years old newly diagnosed a nephrotic syndrome disease and admitted at my hospital for urgent treatment. Nephrotic syndrome has a more insidious onset and commonly occurs in association with systemic diseases that affecting multiple organs in the body. This includes illnesses like diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematous, or amyloidosis. It directly effect the main filtering unit of the kidney, which is called the glomerulus. The glomeruli are groups of blood vessels in the body that clear extra fluid and waste substances from the body. The glomeruli are attached to a series of small tubes (tubules), which also contribute the filtration process by controlling sodium and water concentrations in the body. (Louis F 1990, 1192)

Nephrotic syndrome shows low levels or blood protein, which manifests as swelling in face and extremities that occurs gradually over time. Another sign of nephrotic syndrome is high levels of blood cholesterol and triglycerides, which can show as fatty casts in the urine. Hematuria, blood in the urine, is a common finding in nephritic syndromes. Hematuria can be defined as gross, or visible to the naked eye, or microscopic, only seen by high-power microscopy. In nephrotic syndrome, hematuria is due to disturbance and damage to glomerular cells caused by inflammation. The presence of blood in the urine can also been seen by the presence of bloody casts in a urinary specimen. Other symptoms of nephritic syndrome include generalized aches and pains in joints and muscles, swelling in extremities and face, lethargy, blurry vision, and fatigue or malaise. (Louis F 1990, 1192)

Reflection

Nephrotic syndrome can be prime, influencing only the kidneys, or secondary, initiated by a huge array of disorders that affect other parts of the body, most routinely diabetes mellitus, systemic lupus erythematosus, and certain viral ...