NANOTECHNOLOGY

Nanotechnology in the Healthcare Era

Contents

DEFINING NANOTECHNOLOGY1

BACKGROUND OF NANOTECHNOLOGY1

ANTICIPATED FINANCIAL INFLUENCE ON NANOTECHNOLOGY2

LOW COST NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR HEALTHCARE5

NANOTECHNOLOGY AND HEALTHCARE COSTS6

APPLICATIONS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY IN HEALTHCARE9

COST AND BENEFITS ANALYSIS OF NANOTECHNOLOGY10

PREVENTION15

MONITORING15

TREATMENT16

PERSONALIZED MEDICINE17

OTHER ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF FUTURE NANOTECHNOLOGIES17

CONCLUSIONS18

REFERENCES19

Nanotechnology in the Healthcare Era

Defining Nanotechnology

Nanotechnology mentions to the new locality of science in which systems are conceived and constructed at the scale of the atom, or the nanometer scale. More expressly, nanotechnology deals with the biomolecules of less than 100 nanometer (nm). One nm is 1 billionth of a meter. Nanotechnology engages the accurate manipulation and command of atoms and substances, the construction blocks of all materials (William Sims Bainbridge: 2007). Broadly talking, there are two advances in nanotechnology: bottom-up and top-down. The first set about, the bottom-up, engages manipulating little figures one-by-one atoms or more convoluted substances, into organizations normally utilizing minute probes. The second, top-down, set about suggests commanding methods to force atoms and substances to build-up themselves to yearned positions and/or structures (Davies2007).

 

Background of Nanotechnology

The prefix “nano” draws from the Greek phrase for”dwarf”. One nanometer (nm) is identical to one-billionth of a meter, or about the breadth of 6 carbon atoms or 10 water molecules. A human hair is roughly 80,000 nm broad, and a red body-fluid cell is roughly 7000 nm wide. Atoms are lesser than 1 nm, while numerous substances encompassing some proteins variety between 1 nm and larger. The conceptual underpinnings of nanotechnologies were first prepared out in 1959 by the physicist Richard Feynman in his address, b. There's abounding of room at the bottom (Hunt2008). Feynman discovered the likelihood of manipulating material at the scale of one-by-one atoms and substances, envisaging the entire of the Encyclopedia Britannica in writing on the head of a pin and foreseeing the expanding proficiency to analyze and command issue at the nanoscale. The period “nanotechnology” was not utilized until 1974, when Norio Taniguchi, a researcher at the University of Tokyo, utilized it to mention to the proficiency to technician components accurately at the nanometer level. The prime going by car force for miniaturization at that time came from the electronic commerce, which directed to evolve devices to conceive lesser (and thus much quicker and more complex) electrical devices apparatus on silicon chips. Furthermore, at IBM in the United States, a method called electron beam lithography was utilized to conceive nanostructures and apparatus as little as 40 to 70 nm in the early 1970s.

Anticipated Financial Influence on Nanotechnology

In acknowledgement of the tremendous technical and financial promise for nanotechnology, President Clinton established the National Nanotechnology Initiative (NNI) in 2000. NNI is a multiagency sunshade program to construct, distinguish, and realize nanoscale devices. The NNI registers surgery, constructing, material sciences, data technology, power, and ecological sciences as goal beneficiaries. The program is slated to spend almost $1 billion in fiscal year 2005 as in evaluation with $464 million in 2001. The National Science Foundation obtains $305 million for fiscal year 2005, mirroring its very broad objective over technical ...