GOVERNMENTAL ADMINSTRATION SYSTEMS

Governmental Administration Systems



Governmental Administration Systems

This paper discusses the ministry of health in Pakistan and ministry of health in Maxico.

Agency Process

Freedom of information is impossible to conceive in the absence of elaborate and efficient information and data management systems. Only when such systems are in place and are effectively implemented, it can be expected that information or data required for various purposes can be retrieved and put to use to support policies or relevant decisions (Bronwen 2009). Lack of such systems creates a totally undesirable situation, which leads to uninformed decisions and policies, and the consequent failure of service delivery by related agencies. The significance of information and data management is, therefore, well established, and is given utmost importance in the developed countries. It is also crucial to make citizens' right to know feasible and operational as data and information must exist and be properly indexed before it could be made accessible to the requesters.

However, many developing countries suffer from serious difficulties in connection with information and data management systems. The related problems range between sheer nonexistence of crucial data to its poor maintenance, non-indexing, and loss. This state of affairs has serious implications for relevant decisions, formulation of policies and accountability processes.

Sometimes, public officials deliberately destroy data and information with the aim of concealing their inefficiencies and corrupt practices. At the same time, it is a fact that countries like Pakistan also lack resources and required capacity to respond to this challenge. Various ministries and departments are heavily under-financed and lack even the very basic infrastructure to perform their official responsibilities. Among the tasks assigned to them, data and information management happens to be the last priority; and it is normal that old files are dumped in storerooms where they are sometimes impossible to retrieve from after a few years. System of archiving data has in general been a totally neglected area.

The current structure and financing mechanisms of the Mexican health care system are critical impediments to reducing health inequity and ensuring that all citizens are guaranteed access to a basic package of health care services along with protection from financial ruin as a consequence of ill health. The government maintains multiple, parallel health systems for different population groups, which end up creating incentives that maintain or increase inequity rather than channelling public resources to the most pressing needs. Although the U.S. system is much different than Mexico's, an analogous situation exists with the inequity in access to publicly financed health care (for example, poor children versus poor elderly persons) observed as a result of the separation of Medicare and Medicaid.

The expansion of social security in Mexico, as in most other employment-dependent insurance schemes, has been intrinsically tied to economic growth, industrial development, and urbanization. Unfortunately, the labour markets have not progressively formalized despite economic growth, and the financial crises of the late 1970s caused unemployment and nonformal economic activities to increase. For these population groups, in addition to those living in poor rural areas, access to ...