Global prevalence of TB

By

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis is a very dangerous disease, which has the potential to spread from one place to another at a very pace. The UNO has been making a lot of efforts to control and minimize the prevalence of tuberculosis around the globe. The aim of this dissertation was to analyze the prevalence of tuberculosis in different areas of the world, analyze the trends of tuberculosis prevalence on a global and discuss the rationale for prevalence of tuberculosis in different regions of the world. To achieve this aim, the researcher had utilized the secondary methodology and analyzed the research of other researchers. The research had shown the prevalence of TB had grown in the period of 2006 to 2008, on the global level. Further analysis of research showed that the reason for the increase in the global prevalence of tuberculosis was the fact that the prevalence of tuberculosis had increased in the developing countries of the world and this had led to the increase in the global prevalence of tuberculosis in the period of 2006 and 2008. However, after that period the global prevalence of tuberculosis seemed to become stable because the developed countries had managed to control the prevalence of tuberculosis, while, the developing and the underdeveloped countries had failed to control the prevalence of tuberculosis. The research had shown that there was a huge disparity in the prevalence of tuberculosis in the developed and developing countries of the world. The economic disparity, lack of knowledge, hygiene problem, lack of access to medical facilities, life style, health conditions, environmental factors, and income levels were the major factors behind the difference in the prevalence of tuberculosis.

Table of Contents

ABSTRACTii

Introduction1

Bacteriology2

Growth and isolation2

Identification3

Transfer4

Multi drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis4

Treatment5

First-Line Drugs: Activity5

First-Line Drugs: Side Effects and Adverse Events6

Directly Observed Therapy - Short Course (DOTS)6

Material and methods7

Meta analysis8

Results16

Global prevalence of Tuberculosis16

Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Europe18

Prevalence of Tuberculosis in USA and other parts of America19

Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Asia21

Prevalence of Tuberculosis in Africa24

Discussion28

Economic disparity and disparity in prevalence of TB29

Lack of knowledge and disparity in prevalence of TB29

Hygiene factor and disparity in prevalence of TB30

Lack of access to medical facilities and disparity in prevalence of TB31

Life style differences and disparity in prevalence of TB32

Health conditions and disparity in prevalence of TB32

Environmental factors and disparity in prevalence of TB33

Income levels and disparity in prevalence of TB33

Conclusions34

REFERENCES36

GLOBAL PREVALENCE OF TB

Introduction

White, Tulsky, Portillo, Menendez, Cruz, & Goldenson (2011, 400) had described that in 2007, the world began to experience the next resurgence of tuberculosis. The resurgence itself was nothing new - tuberculosis has waxed and waned in its depredations on human populations for thousands of years. Nor was the particular character of this resurgence novel or unexpected. The resurgence began with an outbreak of drug-resistant tuberculosis bacteria in South Africa, and has since spread through many other developing nations. This particular outbreak was labelled XDR-TB, or “extensively drug-resistance tuberculosis,” due to the bacterium's resistance to most first and second-line antibiotics. As such, it posed a particular public health threat, since very ...